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<p>The production of edible oil is a major worldwide use of Brassica crops. The Brassica species have long been utilized for human nourishment, animal feed, and traditional medicine. Yield loss due to drought is a serious issue that requires attention. In rapeseed, drought stress negatively impacts seed development, yield, quality, shoot elongation, photosynthetic efficiency, germination, and the seedling establishment. The current study was planned to experimentally induced drought stress in brassica species, i.e., <i>Brassica carinata</i>, <i>Brassica juncea</i>, <i>Brassica oleracea</i>, <i>Brassica napus</i>, <i>Brassica nigra</i>, and <i>Brassica rapa</i>. Artificially induced drought stimulates the expression of genes that are sensitive to drought such as late embryogenesis abundant group 4-5 (<i>LEA4-5</i>). This work fully assessed the genome-wide identification of 21 <i>LEA4-5</i> genes in six Brassica species. These genes were then categorized into four unique groups for <i>LEA4-5</i> based on their evolutionary relationships. The examination of gene structures and motifs revealed that <i>LEA4-5</i> (two exons, one intron) gene in each group had somewhat similar exon–intron organization and conserved patterns of motifs. The predicted 21 <i>LEA4-5</i> proteins ranged in length from 133 to 163 and the predicted molecular weights of the <i>LEA4-5</i> candidates were dispersed along a spectrum ranging from 13,372.67 to 16,779.43&#xa0;kDa. The collinearity study revealed that the <i>LEA4-5</i> gene families experienced segmental duplications during their evolutionary history. Several presumed stress-related cis-acting elements were identified in the promoter region of the <i>LEA4-5</i> gene, indicating their role in conferring tolerance to drought and other abiotic stressors. The expression profile of Bna<i>LEA4-5</i> was dramatically modulated in different developmental tissues in response to drought stress. Furthermore, to examine drought tolerance-related indices in six Brassica species at the germination and seedling stages, 5, 10, and 15% Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) treatment was used to provide artificially induced drought along with control in replicate manner. The morphological parameters (number and percentage of germinated seeds, as well as length, fresh and dry weight, water content, ratio, in both roots and shoots and vigor index) dropped as the concentration of PEG increased. The current study provided insight knowledge as both genes shield plants against the harm that comes from environmental stressors, particularly drought. All these facilitated the identification of Brassica species that exhibit greater resilience to drought stress, hence assisting in the development of breeding and agricultural techniques focused on enhancing drought tolerance.</p>

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Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of LEA4-5 Genes in Response to Drought Stress in Brassica Species

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月3日

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  • Laiba Ashfaq,
  • Shahid Iqbal,
  • Saeeda Rasheed,
  • Hafsa Munir,
  • Adnan Khan Niazi,
  • Rao Sohail Ahmad Khan

摘要

The production of edible oil is a major worldwide use of Brassica crops. The Brassica species have long been utilized for human nourishment, animal feed, and traditional medicine. Yield loss due to drought is a serious issue that requires attention. In rapeseed, drought stress negatively impacts seed development, yield, quality, shoot elongation, photosynthetic efficiency, germination, and the seedling establishment. The current study was planned to experimentally induced drought stress in brassica species, i.e., Brassica carinata, Brassica juncea, Brassica oleracea, Brassica napus, Brassica nigra, and Brassica rapa. Artificially induced drought stimulates the expression of genes that are sensitive to drought such as late embryogenesis abundant group 4-5 (LEA4-5). This work fully assessed the genome-wide identification of 21 LEA4-5 genes in six Brassica species. These genes were then categorized into four unique groups for LEA4-5 based on their evolutionary relationships. The examination of gene structures and motifs revealed that LEA4-5 (two exons, one intron) gene in each group had somewhat similar exon–intron organization and conserved patterns of motifs. The predicted 21 LEA4-5 proteins ranged in length from 133 to 163 and the predicted molecular weights of the LEA4-5 candidates were dispersed along a spectrum ranging from 13,372.67 to 16,779.43 kDa. The collinearity study revealed that the LEA4-5 gene families experienced segmental duplications during their evolutionary history. Several presumed stress-related cis-acting elements were identified in the promoter region of the LEA4-5 gene, indicating their role in conferring tolerance to drought and other abiotic stressors. The expression profile of BnaLEA4-5 was dramatically modulated in different developmental tissues in response to drought stress. Furthermore, to examine drought tolerance-related indices in six Brassica species at the germination and seedling stages, 5, 10, and 15% Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) treatment was used to provide artificially induced drought along with control in replicate manner. The morphological parameters (number and percentage of germinated seeds, as well as length, fresh and dry weight, water content, ratio, in both roots and shoots and vigor index) dropped as the concentration of PEG increased. The current study provided insight knowledge as both genes shield plants against the harm that comes from environmental stressors, particularly drought. All these facilitated the identification of Brassica species that exhibit greater resilience to drought stress, hence assisting in the development of breeding and agricultural techniques focused on enhancing drought tolerance.