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<p>The nitrogen (N) cycle plays a pivotal role in the soil ecosystem, with soil microorganisms being key drivers of this process. This study compared the impact of N fertilization on the soil N cycle in sorghum monoculture (SM) and sorghum intercropped with peanut (SI) under N application (N1) and without N application (N0) conditions. By examining the N-cycling microbial communities through ammonia monooxygenase genes (<i>amoB</i>), nitrite reductase genes (<i>nirK</i>), and nitrogenase iron protein genes (<i>nifH</i>), alongside assessing soil N content and enzyme activities, we revealed significant differences in the microbial N-cycling potentials within sorghum rhizosphere soil. The results showed that, compared with sorghum monoculture, the total nitrogen (TN) content of sorghum rhizosphere soil in intercropping system increased by 11.99% and 15.33% under N0 and N1 conditions, respectively. Notably, the trends of nitrate N (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N) and ammonium N (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) concentrations were inversely related under varying N conditions, highlighting the complex interplay between N inputs and soil microbial community dynamics. The relative abundance of microbial taxa, including <i>Agronomyces</i>, <i>Azohydomonas</i>, <i>Bradyrizobium</i>, and <i>Rhodanobacter</i> was markedly higher in intercropping system, suggesting a more diverse and functionally enriched microbiome. The addition of N increased soil enzyme activities ((such as S-UE and S-CC) and the relative abundance of key microbial taxa (such as <i>Rhizobium</i>, <i>Bradyrhizobium</i>, and <i>Mesorhizobium</i>). Correlation analysis showed that these microbial taxa involved in soil enzyme and mediated soil N transformation through different functional genes. In summary, appropriate N input in intercropping systems can optimize soil N-cycling by harnessing the functional potential of microbial communities. These findings underscore the potential of optimizing cultivation measures to minimize N fertilizer input and provides important references for improving soil nutrient cycling from the perspective of microbial community management.</p>

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Nitrogen Supply Shapes the Nitrogen Cycling Microbiome in Sorghum Intercropped with Peanut

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月21日

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  • Xiaolong Shi,
  • Pei Guo,
  • Xia Shao,
  • Yuxuan Chen,
  • Chang Liu,
  • Chunjuan Liu,
  • Haiqiu Yu,
  • Hongtao Zou,
  • Yufei Zhou

摘要

The nitrogen (N) cycle plays a pivotal role in the soil ecosystem, with soil microorganisms being key drivers of this process. This study compared the impact of N fertilization on the soil N cycle in sorghum monoculture (SM) and sorghum intercropped with peanut (SI) under N application (N1) and without N application (N0) conditions. By examining the N-cycling microbial communities through ammonia monooxygenase genes (amoB), nitrite reductase genes (nirK), and nitrogenase iron protein genes (nifH), alongside assessing soil N content and enzyme activities, we revealed significant differences in the microbial N-cycling potentials within sorghum rhizosphere soil. The results showed that, compared with sorghum monoculture, the total nitrogen (TN) content of sorghum rhizosphere soil in intercropping system increased by 11.99% and 15.33% under N0 and N1 conditions, respectively. Notably, the trends of nitrate N (NO3−-N) and ammonium N (NH4+-N) concentrations were inversely related under varying N conditions, highlighting the complex interplay between N inputs and soil microbial community dynamics. The relative abundance of microbial taxa, including Agronomyces, Azohydomonas, Bradyrizobium, and Rhodanobacter was markedly higher in intercropping system, suggesting a more diverse and functionally enriched microbiome. The addition of N increased soil enzyme activities ((such as S-UE and S-CC) and the relative abundance of key microbial taxa (such as Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Mesorhizobium). Correlation analysis showed that these microbial taxa involved in soil enzyme and mediated soil N transformation through different functional genes. In summary, appropriate N input in intercropping systems can optimize soil N-cycling by harnessing the functional potential of microbial communities. These findings underscore the potential of optimizing cultivation measures to minimize N fertilizer input and provides important references for improving soil nutrient cycling from the perspective of microbial community management.