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<p><i>Salvia verticillata </i>L., a species-rich in rosmarinic acid, possesses therapeutic effects and a wide range of health benefits. To explore the potential roles of melatonin as a phytohormone, we treated shoot cultures of species at the ten-leaf stage with exogenous melatonin at different concentrations (0–200&#xa0;µM). Then, we harvested the shoots at intervals up to 168&#xa0;h. The fresh and dry weights of shoots peaked following exposure to 50 and 100&#xa0;µM melatonin for 24 and 12&#xa0;h, respectively, resulting in a&#xa0;2.50- and 3.16-fold increase&#xa0;compared to the control groups. The concentrations of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in all treated shoots showed time exposure-dependent biphasic patterns, with their highest levels recorded after 24&#xa0;h of treatment with 200&#xa0;µM melatonin, reaching 3.87- and 9.90-fold higher than the control, respectively. However, the highest concentration of hydrogen peroxide was achieved in the shoots treated with the same melatonin concentration after 120&#xa0;h, showing a 2.73-fold increase over the control. Also, data revealed changes in the&#xa0;patterns of antioxidant enzyme activities dependent on the melatonin concentration and the duration of exposure. Our findings showed the most significant increases in rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, and salvianolic acid B (2.09-, 1.88-, and 2.59-fold of the control groups, respectively) in the shoots treated with 50&#xa0;µM melatonin, which was associated with up-regulation of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. Overall, the results suggest that melatonin functions as a phytohormone, influencing both biomass production and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in <i>S. verticillata</i> shoots.</p>

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Impact of Exogenous Melatonin on Physiological and Phytochemical Characteristics of Salvia verticillata L. Shoots: An In Vitro Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月12日

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  • Atefeh Banisharif,
  • Tayebeh Radjabian,
  • Azra Saboora

摘要

Salvia verticillata L., a species-rich in rosmarinic acid, possesses therapeutic effects and a wide range of health benefits. To explore the potential roles of melatonin as a phytohormone, we treated shoot cultures of species at the ten-leaf stage with exogenous melatonin at different concentrations (0–200 µM). Then, we harvested the shoots at intervals up to 168 h. The fresh and dry weights of shoots peaked following exposure to 50 and 100 µM melatonin for 24 and 12 h, respectively, resulting in a 2.50- and 3.16-fold increase compared to the control groups. The concentrations of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in all treated shoots showed time exposure-dependent biphasic patterns, with their highest levels recorded after 24 h of treatment with 200 µM melatonin, reaching 3.87- and 9.90-fold higher than the control, respectively. However, the highest concentration of hydrogen peroxide was achieved in the shoots treated with the same melatonin concentration after 120 h, showing a 2.73-fold increase over the control. Also, data revealed changes in the patterns of antioxidant enzyme activities dependent on the melatonin concentration and the duration of exposure. Our findings showed the most significant increases in rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, and salvianolic acid B (2.09-, 1.88-, and 2.59-fold of the control groups, respectively) in the shoots treated with 50 µM melatonin, which was associated with up-regulation of genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. Overall, the results suggest that melatonin functions as a phytohormone, influencing both biomass production and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in S. verticillata shoots.