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<p>Abiotic stress, such as salinity, not only affects the growth and development of crops but also has a negative impact on the uptake of both micronutrients and macronutrients in the edible parts of the plant. This study highlights the potential of salt-tolerant <i>Pseudomonas taiwanensis</i> PWR-1 having the ability to grow up to 1500&#xa0;mM NaCl and depicting plant growth promoting activities up to 1000&#xa0;mM NaCl. The bacterium was able to produce osmoprotectants (proline and glycine betaine) and antioxidants having DPPH scavenging activity at high salt concentrations. The bacterium was found to be an efficient zinc (Zn) solublizer even at high salt concentrations (23.84&#xa0;mg/l at 800&#xa0;mM NaCl) via the production of organic acids (428.23&#xa0;μg/ml at 800&#xa0;mM NaCl) utilizing Zn<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> as the source of Zn. The study elucidated the mechanism behind Zn solubilization, primarily involving the production of organic acids such as gluconic acid, malonic acid, and fumaric acid at different salt concentrations. The presence of the Zn uptake transcriptional repressor (<i>Zur</i>) gene in the bacteria was found to regulate the influx and efflux of Zn ions in the bacterial cell. Application of salt-tolerant <i>P. taiwanensis</i> PWR-1 with a 50% reduced fertilizer dose was observed to enhance wheat growth, osmolyte and enzymatic antioxidant production, DPPH scavenging activity, and N, P, K, and Zn content in wheat grains. The treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde (by 87.39%), electrolyte leakage (by 32.89%), as well as Na<sup>+</sup> accumulation in leaves (by 91.25%), and roots (by 84.70%) of wheat 90&#xa0;days after sowing (DAS) in comparison to control. Additionally, grain staining experiments employing 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (DTZ) indicated substantial Zn accumulation in wheat grains. Challenges posed by soil salinity impact crop production and nutrient content, which require effective management for sustainable farming practices. This study provides valuable insights for reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, biofortification of Zn in wheat as well as the bioremediation of saline soil with the help of ST-PGPR strain of <i>P. taiwanensis</i> under saline conditions.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Salt-Tolerant Pseudomonas taiwanensis PWR-1 Mediated Organic Acid Production for Biofortification of Zinc and Reducing Fertilizer Dependency in Wheat Under Saline Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月24日

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  • Priya Mishra,
  • Jitendra Mishra,
  • Chanda Bharti,
  • Naveen Kumar Arora

摘要

Abiotic stress, such as salinity, not only affects the growth and development of crops but also has a negative impact on the uptake of both micronutrients and macronutrients in the edible parts of the plant. This study highlights the potential of salt-tolerant Pseudomonas taiwanensis PWR-1 having the ability to grow up to 1500 mM NaCl and depicting plant growth promoting activities up to 1000 mM NaCl. The bacterium was able to produce osmoprotectants (proline and glycine betaine) and antioxidants having DPPH scavenging activity at high salt concentrations. The bacterium was found to be an efficient zinc (Zn) solublizer even at high salt concentrations (23.84 mg/l at 800 mM NaCl) via the production of organic acids (428.23 μg/ml at 800 mM NaCl) utilizing Zn3(PO4)2 as the source of Zn. The study elucidated the mechanism behind Zn solubilization, primarily involving the production of organic acids such as gluconic acid, malonic acid, and fumaric acid at different salt concentrations. The presence of the Zn uptake transcriptional repressor (Zur) gene in the bacteria was found to regulate the influx and efflux of Zn ions in the bacterial cell. Application of salt-tolerant P. taiwanensis PWR-1 with a 50% reduced fertilizer dose was observed to enhance wheat growth, osmolyte and enzymatic antioxidant production, DPPH scavenging activity, and N, P, K, and Zn content in wheat grains. The treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde (by 87.39%), electrolyte leakage (by 32.89%), as well as Na+ accumulation in leaves (by 91.25%), and roots (by 84.70%) of wheat 90 days after sowing (DAS) in comparison to control. Additionally, grain staining experiments employing 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (DTZ) indicated substantial Zn accumulation in wheat grains. Challenges posed by soil salinity impact crop production and nutrient content, which require effective management for sustainable farming practices. This study provides valuable insights for reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, biofortification of Zn in wheat as well as the bioremediation of saline soil with the help of ST-PGPR strain of P. taiwanensis under saline conditions.

Graphical Abstract