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<p>To reveal the genetic diversity pattern, population differentiation characteristics, and applicability of the central-marginal hypothesis (CMH) of the endangered marine living fossil <i>Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda</i> in Asian seas, this study analyzed its four metapopulations (Northern South China Sea, NSCS; northern Bay of Bengal, NBB; Malay Peninsula, MP; Java Island, JI) based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences, combined with the MaxEnt habitat suitability model and population genetic methods. The results show that the genetic diversity of <i>C. rotundicauda</i> presented a gradient distribution: MP (Hd=0.926 67)&gt;JI (Hd=0.818 18)&gt;NBB (Hd=0.500 00)&gt;NSCS (Hd=0.387 17); population differentiation and gene flow showed a binary structure, with NSCS and NBB being nearly completely genetically isolated (<i>F</i><sub>st</sub>=0.970 12, Nm&lt;1.1) and MP and JI showing high genetic connectivity (<i>F</i><sub>st</sub>= 0.074 18, Nm=27.93); the CMH was generally applicable, with MP identified as the core population, NSCS and NBB as marginal populations, and JI showing sub-core characteristics due to its strong genetic connectivity with MP. This study provides theoretical support for the differentiated conservation of <i>C. rotundicauda</i> and fills the gap in the whole-range genetic research of this species in Asian seas.</p>

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The central-marginal hypothesis reveals genetic diversity patterns and population structure of the critically endangered marine living fossil Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda in Asian seas

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Jian Liao,
  • Ying Qiao,
  • Yang Li,
  • Mai Tong,
  • Xi Zheng,
  • Shuiyuan Zhang,
  • Xiaowan Ma,
  • Yusong Guo,
  • Xuefeng Wang,
  • Zhongduo Wang

摘要

To reveal the genetic diversity pattern, population differentiation characteristics, and applicability of the central-marginal hypothesis (CMH) of the endangered marine living fossil Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda in Asian seas, this study analyzed its four metapopulations (Northern South China Sea, NSCS; northern Bay of Bengal, NBB; Malay Peninsula, MP; Java Island, JI) based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences, combined with the MaxEnt habitat suitability model and population genetic methods. The results show that the genetic diversity of C. rotundicauda presented a gradient distribution: MP (Hd=0.926 67)>JI (Hd=0.818 18)>NBB (Hd=0.500 00)>NSCS (Hd=0.387 17); population differentiation and gene flow showed a binary structure, with NSCS and NBB being nearly completely genetically isolated (Fst=0.970 12, Nm<1.1) and MP and JI showing high genetic connectivity (Fst= 0.074 18, Nm=27.93); the CMH was generally applicable, with MP identified as the core population, NSCS and NBB as marginal populations, and JI showing sub-core characteristics due to its strong genetic connectivity with MP. This study provides theoretical support for the differentiated conservation of C. rotundicauda and fills the gap in the whole-range genetic research of this species in Asian seas.