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<p>The chlorophyll-<i>a</i> (Chl-<i>a</i>) concentration is a core indicator for assessing the health of marine ecosystems. With single-photon-sensitive detection capability, satellite-borne lidar technology can penetrate the sea surface to obtain subsurface optical signals in polar nights, overcoming the constraints of passive remote sensing. In this study, the backward scattering coefficient of particulate matter (<i>b</i><sub>bp</sub>) was inverted based on the lidar equation, and a trinomial fitting model was developed to convert <i>b</i><sub>bp</sub>(532) to Chl <i>a</i> using the Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) measured data in the Norwegian Sea. The retrieval accuracy was verified using corresponding BGC-Argo buoy measurements and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) water color data. Four Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) orbital photon counting lidar tracks data (2020–2024) of the Norwegian Sea were selected to retrieve the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the vertical Chl-<i>a</i> profile. Horizontally, high Chl-<i>a</i> concentration (up to &gt;2 mg/m<sup>3</sup> owing to warm-warm convergence) was observed at the eastern edge and in the central sea, followed by at turbid nearshore waters at low latitudes, and low concentrations (&lt;0.5 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) were observed in the open sea. Vertically, significant stratification was observed in the depth range of 3–14 m. We verified the feasibility of ICESat-2 to invert the vertical profiles of Chl <i>a</i> under complex sea conditions at high latitudes, and filled the observation gap of passive remote sensing in polar nights.</p>

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Vertical profile observation of chlorophyll a in the Norwegian Sea based on the spaceborne lidar ICESat-2

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Jue Huang,
  • Tianwei Du,
  • Yulei Mu,
  • Jinzhi Zhang,
  • Yilin Liu,
  • Yue Ma

摘要

The chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration is a core indicator for assessing the health of marine ecosystems. With single-photon-sensitive detection capability, satellite-borne lidar technology can penetrate the sea surface to obtain subsurface optical signals in polar nights, overcoming the constraints of passive remote sensing. In this study, the backward scattering coefficient of particulate matter (bbp) was inverted based on the lidar equation, and a trinomial fitting model was developed to convert bbp(532) to Chl a using the Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) measured data in the Norwegian Sea. The retrieval accuracy was verified using corresponding BGC-Argo buoy measurements and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) water color data. Four Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) orbital photon counting lidar tracks data (2020–2024) of the Norwegian Sea were selected to retrieve the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the vertical Chl-a profile. Horizontally, high Chl-a concentration (up to >2 mg/m3 owing to warm-warm convergence) was observed at the eastern edge and in the central sea, followed by at turbid nearshore waters at low latitudes, and low concentrations (<0.5 mg/m3) were observed in the open sea. Vertically, significant stratification was observed in the depth range of 3–14 m. We verified the feasibility of ICESat-2 to invert the vertical profiles of Chl a under complex sea conditions at high latitudes, and filled the observation gap of passive remote sensing in polar nights.