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<p>Triploid induction has been widely used in aquaculture to increase somatic growth, induce reproductive sterility, and mitigate ecological risks from uncontrolled breeding. However, the differences in growth between triploids and diploids are species specific. Grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) is a crucial species in China’s freshwater aquaculture industry. A one-year growth trial was conducted, and the results reveal that triploids exhibited a slower growth rate than diploids did. Further analyses demonstrated that the number of erythrocytes and the size of their nuclei were significantly greater in triploids than in their diploid counterparts (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001), which was accompanied by a reduced packed cell volume (PCV) in triploids (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05). Histological analysis revealed that the triploid liver displayed features of metabolic stress. Liver transcriptome analysis identified 713 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which showed primarily enrichment in metabolic processes, including hexose, lipid, and monosaccharide metabolism. This analysis also revealed significant downregulation of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis (<i>ghrb, igf1</i>, and <i>igfbp5a</i>) and downstream signaling pathways, namely, PI3K-AKT in triploids. The results of this study characterize the early growth performance of triploid grass carp and provide molecular insights into the growth retardation observed in triploid individuals.</p>

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Assessment of growth performance and transcriptome analysis of mechanisms underlying slow growth in triploid grass carp

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Zixuan E,
  • Xiaoman Huang,
  • Yonglin Miao,
  • Hao Yang,
  • Han Wen,
  • Mingqing Zhang,
  • Shujia Liao,
  • Danqi Lu,
  • Yong Zhang,
  • Shuisheng Li

摘要

Triploid induction has been widely used in aquaculture to increase somatic growth, induce reproductive sterility, and mitigate ecological risks from uncontrolled breeding. However, the differences in growth between triploids and diploids are species specific. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is a crucial species in China’s freshwater aquaculture industry. A one-year growth trial was conducted, and the results reveal that triploids exhibited a slower growth rate than diploids did. Further analyses demonstrated that the number of erythrocytes and the size of their nuclei were significantly greater in triploids than in their diploid counterparts (P<0.001), which was accompanied by a reduced packed cell volume (PCV) in triploids (P<0.05). Histological analysis revealed that the triploid liver displayed features of metabolic stress. Liver transcriptome analysis identified 713 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which showed primarily enrichment in metabolic processes, including hexose, lipid, and monosaccharide metabolism. This analysis also revealed significant downregulation of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis (ghrb, igf1, and igfbp5a) and downstream signaling pathways, namely, PI3K-AKT in triploids. The results of this study characterize the early growth performance of triploid grass carp and provide molecular insights into the growth retardation observed in triploid individuals.