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<p>The rising accumulation of nanoplastics (NPs) poses adverse effect on primary productivity in multiple ways, ultimately reshaping freshwater food webs. The transition from unicellular to multicellular structures known as palmelloid is induced by many stressors in motile microalga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>, while the intrinsic mechanism was not fully understood. Here, we provided evidence for the palmelloid formation in <i>C. reinhardtii</i> induced by NPs. Results show that 50-mg/L NPs exposure significantly promoted palmelloid percentage from 4.85% to 44.87%, whereas the curvilinear velocity of C. <i>reinhardtii</i> reduced by 27.59%. The significant increase of 125.36% in extracellular proteins and 44.43% in polysaccharides levels were attributed to the palmelloid formation under the exposure to 50-mg/L NPs. Moreover, NPs disrupted energy metabolism, leading to a 52.98% increase in uridine diphosphate glucose levels, a crucial precursor for polysaccharide synthesis using targeted metabolomic analysis. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed a substantial upregulation of genes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter function, suggesting their pivotal roles in polysaccharide production and translocation processes within <i>C. reinhardtii</i> under NPs stress. In conclusion, NPs could induce palmelloid formation in <i>C. reinhardtii</i>, and further reduced the primary food sources.</p>

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Mechanism of palmelloid formation induced by polystyrene nanoplastics in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: a multi-omics analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月11日

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  • Yingxia Li,
  • Dong Xu,
  • Xiaowen Zhang,
  • Haoming Sun,
  • Wei Zhang,
  • Yanmin Sun,
  • Pengyan Zhang,
  • Lepu Wang,
  • Naihao Ye

摘要

The rising accumulation of nanoplastics (NPs) poses adverse effect on primary productivity in multiple ways, ultimately reshaping freshwater food webs. The transition from unicellular to multicellular structures known as palmelloid is induced by many stressors in motile microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while the intrinsic mechanism was not fully understood. Here, we provided evidence for the palmelloid formation in C. reinhardtii induced by NPs. Results show that 50-mg/L NPs exposure significantly promoted palmelloid percentage from 4.85% to 44.87%, whereas the curvilinear velocity of C. reinhardtii reduced by 27.59%. The significant increase of 125.36% in extracellular proteins and 44.43% in polysaccharides levels were attributed to the palmelloid formation under the exposure to 50-mg/L NPs. Moreover, NPs disrupted energy metabolism, leading to a 52.98% increase in uridine diphosphate glucose levels, a crucial precursor for polysaccharide synthesis using targeted metabolomic analysis. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed a substantial upregulation of genes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter function, suggesting their pivotal roles in polysaccharide production and translocation processes within C. reinhardtii under NPs stress. In conclusion, NPs could induce palmelloid formation in C. reinhardtii, and further reduced the primary food sources.