<p>Here, we investigate the structured superluminal and subluminal light propagation in the medium generated through a five-level atomic configuration controlled by a tiny probe and multiple of the control field. The absorption and dispersion are altered with the topological charges of control fields. The maxima and minima of absorption and corresponding normal/anomalous dispersion region are enhanced according to the <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="340_2025_8394_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$2\ell$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>ℓ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> condition in the medium. The group index differs in the domain of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="340_2025_8394_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="158" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$-15000\le n_g \le 17500$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>15000</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>17500</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the position ranges of <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="340_2025_8394_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="155" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$-1\mu m\le x,y \le 1 \mu m$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The corresponding velocity of the envelope wave <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="340_2025_8394_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$v_{g}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is calculated by <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="340_2025_8394_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="34" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$c/n_g$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The subluminal and superluminal maximum and minimum regions are also enhanced with the <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="340_2025_8394_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$2\ell$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>ℓ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> condition in the medium. The modified work of this manuscript is useful for storage devices, imaging coding, and designing technology.</p>

Coherent generation of superluminal and subluminal propagation of structured light in five level atomic medium

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年2月2日

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Zareen A. Khan,
Abdul Majeed,
Imdad Ullah,
Amir Ali

摘要

Here, we investigate the structured superluminal and subluminal light propagation in the medium generated through a five-level atomic configuration controlled by a tiny probe and multiple of the control field. The absorption and dispersion are altered with the topological charges of control fields. The maxima and minima of absorption and corresponding normal/anomalous dispersion region are enhanced according to the $2\ell$ $2 ℓ$ condition in the medium. The group index differs in the domain of $-15000\le n_g \le 17500$ $- 15000 \leq n_{g} \leq 17500$ in the position ranges of $-1\mu m\le x,y \le 1 \mu m$ $- 1 μ m \leq x, y \leq 1 μ m$ . The corresponding velocity of the envelope wave $v_{g}$ $v_{g}$ is calculated by $c/n_g$ $c / n_{g}$ . The subluminal and superluminal maximum and minimum regions are also enhanced with the $2\ell$ $2 ℓ$ condition in the medium. The modified work of this manuscript is useful for storage devices, imaging coding, and designing technology.