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<p>Breast cancer continues to be the second most common malignancy worldwide, placing a significant strain on global healthcare systems. Nanotechnology, especially that which uses environmentally friendly synthesis methods, has recently gained widespread attention due to its benefits. Thus, this study aims to biosynthesize an eco-friendly europium oxide nanoparticle (Eu<sub>₂</sub>O<sub>₃</sub> NPs) using <i>Platycladus orientalis seed cones</i> as an aqueous extract for a natural coating and reducing agent and the plasma solution interaction. The synthesis was originally validated by a pronounced color change in the reaction mixture, followed by extensive multi-technique characterization. XRD investigation revealed the phase and structural characteristics of the nanoparticles crystallizing in the cubic system, exhibiting a tiny average crystal size of 7.8&#xa0;nm based on the Debye–Scherrer equation, demonstrating the success of the environmentally friendly method of controlling crystal growth at the nanoscale level. Morphological evaluations using TEM and FE-SEM indicated uniform, semi-spherical, and aggregate-shaped NPs with an average particle size of around 40&#xa0;nm ± 6.512. FT-IR and EDS analysis showed the presence of chemical bonding and functional groups and plant chemical compositions that contribute to the stabilization and reduction of the NPs. The physicochemical characterization of the zeta potential analysis confirmed that the NPs possess a zeta potential of 19 mV, indicating that they have a medium colloidal stability, while DLS analysis revealed a hydrodynamic diameter of 162.2 ± 12.8&#xa0;nm, indicating a monodisperse distribution and good homogeneity in suspension. The optical characterization of UV-vis spectroscopy identified an absorption peak at 225&#xa0;nm and a broad band gap of 4.8&#xa0;eV, indicating a large blue shift that indicates the quantum confinement effect and insulating properties of Eu₂O₃ NPs. The toxic effect of Eu₂O₃ NPs on MCF-7 breast cancer cells was assessed using the MTT assay, which showed an increase in the toxic effect proportional to the dose. The value of IC50 was 357.2&#xa0;µg/ml. Results confirm that Eu₂O₃ NPs possess anticancer activity, indicating the possibility of using in biomedical applications.</p>

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Anti-breast cancer activity of Eu₂O₃ nanoparticles synthesized by Nonthermal plasma method with seed cones extract, in vitro study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Tabark Abdalkreem Hanon,
  • Raghad S. Mohammed,
  • Fezaa Shalal Neda

摘要

Breast cancer continues to be the second most common malignancy worldwide, placing a significant strain on global healthcare systems. Nanotechnology, especially that which uses environmentally friendly synthesis methods, has recently gained widespread attention due to its benefits. Thus, this study aims to biosynthesize an eco-friendly europium oxide nanoparticle (Eu₂O₃ NPs) using Platycladus orientalis seed cones as an aqueous extract for a natural coating and reducing agent and the plasma solution interaction. The synthesis was originally validated by a pronounced color change in the reaction mixture, followed by extensive multi-technique characterization. XRD investigation revealed the phase and structural characteristics of the nanoparticles crystallizing in the cubic system, exhibiting a tiny average crystal size of 7.8 nm based on the Debye–Scherrer equation, demonstrating the success of the environmentally friendly method of controlling crystal growth at the nanoscale level. Morphological evaluations using TEM and FE-SEM indicated uniform, semi-spherical, and aggregate-shaped NPs with an average particle size of around 40 nm ± 6.512. FT-IR and EDS analysis showed the presence of chemical bonding and functional groups and plant chemical compositions that contribute to the stabilization and reduction of the NPs. The physicochemical characterization of the zeta potential analysis confirmed that the NPs possess a zeta potential of 19 mV, indicating that they have a medium colloidal stability, while DLS analysis revealed a hydrodynamic diameter of 162.2 ± 12.8 nm, indicating a monodisperse distribution and good homogeneity in suspension. The optical characterization of UV-vis spectroscopy identified an absorption peak at 225 nm and a broad band gap of 4.8 eV, indicating a large blue shift that indicates the quantum confinement effect and insulating properties of Eu₂O₃ NPs. The toxic effect of Eu₂O₃ NPs on MCF-7 breast cancer cells was assessed using the MTT assay, which showed an increase in the toxic effect proportional to the dose. The value of IC50 was 357.2 µg/ml. Results confirm that Eu₂O₃ NPs possess anticancer activity, indicating the possibility of using in biomedical applications.