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<p>Chemical bath deposition is an efficient and straightforward technique for growing tin sulfide (SnS) films. The bath temperature plays a significant role in controlling the film’s properties, which are related to the nucleation mechanism and growth rate. Concurrently, flexible photodetectors are finding increasing utility, notably in wearable electronic devices. This research presents a dedicated investigation into the effects of temperature growth variations on the photoresponse, morphology, and structural properties of SnS films deposited on flexible, milky-white, translucent PET polyester substrates. It also introduces an investigation into how temperature affects film nucleation and growth rates, thereby better understanding the results. The deposition process was conducted at 70, 80, and 90&#xa0;°C. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that films deposited at 70 and 80&#xa0;°C exhibited a cubic phase, while the film deposited at 90&#xa0;°C exhibited a combination of cubic and orthorhombic phases. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of bands associated with Sn-S bond stretching vibrations. FESEM images indicated a reduction in particle grain size as deposition temperature increased. Hall-effect measurements demonstrated that all films exhibited p-type conductivity, with improved electrical conductivity and carrier concentration correlating with increasing bath temperature. The photoresponse properties of photodetectors made from the deposited films at different temperatures exhibited significant temperature-dependent photoresponse under near-infrared illumination. The results show how temperature affects the morphological structure and photoresponse properties of SnS films, which is crucial for enhancing their use in optoelectronic devices.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Influence of growth temperature on the structural and optoelectronic properties of SnS thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition on flexible substrates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Noor M. Ibrahim,
  • Mohamed S. Mahdi,
  • Manal M. Abdullah,
  • Karameh A. Muhammad

摘要

Chemical bath deposition is an efficient and straightforward technique for growing tin sulfide (SnS) films. The bath temperature plays a significant role in controlling the film’s properties, which are related to the nucleation mechanism and growth rate. Concurrently, flexible photodetectors are finding increasing utility, notably in wearable electronic devices. This research presents a dedicated investigation into the effects of temperature growth variations on the photoresponse, morphology, and structural properties of SnS films deposited on flexible, milky-white, translucent PET polyester substrates. It also introduces an investigation into how temperature affects film nucleation and growth rates, thereby better understanding the results. The deposition process was conducted at 70, 80, and 90 °C. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that films deposited at 70 and 80 °C exhibited a cubic phase, while the film deposited at 90 °C exhibited a combination of cubic and orthorhombic phases. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of bands associated with Sn-S bond stretching vibrations. FESEM images indicated a reduction in particle grain size as deposition temperature increased. Hall-effect measurements demonstrated that all films exhibited p-type conductivity, with improved electrical conductivity and carrier concentration correlating with increasing bath temperature. The photoresponse properties of photodetectors made from the deposited films at different temperatures exhibited significant temperature-dependent photoresponse under near-infrared illumination. The results show how temperature affects the morphological structure and photoresponse properties of SnS films, which is crucial for enhancing their use in optoelectronic devices.

Graphical Abstract