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<p>Silver nanowire (AgNW) is a highly promising material for flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs); however, its practical application is limited by the relatively high contact resistance at nanowire junctions. In this study, a removable ZnO protective layer was deposited onto the AgNW network to prevent nanowire breakage during thermal annealing for inducing junction welding. Following annealing, the ZnO layer was selectively removed to eliminate transmittance losses associated with the oxide coating. After thermal treatment and ZnO removal, the sheet resistance of the AgNW TCEs decreased significantly, while the optical transmittance remained nearly unchanged. In particular, the sheet resistance was reduced from 143.53 Ω/□ to 18.77 Ω/□, maintaining a transmittance of 91.68%, and the figure of merit increased from 30.47 to 229.17. The Joule heating stability of the TCEs substantially improved, with the maximum Joule temperature increasing from 120.2&#xa0;°C to 201.4&#xa0;°C. This welding strategy offers distinct advantages over conventional approaches, including uniform junction welding, scalability, and effective mitigation of localized nanowire breakage.</p>

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Removable ZnO layer enables damage-free thermal welding of silver nanowire transparent conductive electrodes with improved electrical properties and preserved transmittance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Thi Hong Nhung Nguyen,
  • Ba Hoang Anh Luu,
  • Viet Huong Nguyen,
  • Sy Hieu Pham,
  • Thi Thu Hien Nguyen,
  • Quoc Hoan Tran,
  • Anh Tuan Pham,
  • Thi Lan Nguyen,
  • Duy Cuong Nguyen

摘要

Silver nanowire (AgNW) is a highly promising material for flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs); however, its practical application is limited by the relatively high contact resistance at nanowire junctions. In this study, a removable ZnO protective layer was deposited onto the AgNW network to prevent nanowire breakage during thermal annealing for inducing junction welding. Following annealing, the ZnO layer was selectively removed to eliminate transmittance losses associated with the oxide coating. After thermal treatment and ZnO removal, the sheet resistance of the AgNW TCEs decreased significantly, while the optical transmittance remained nearly unchanged. In particular, the sheet resistance was reduced from 143.53 Ω/□ to 18.77 Ω/□, maintaining a transmittance of 91.68%, and the figure of merit increased from 30.47 to 229.17. The Joule heating stability of the TCEs substantially improved, with the maximum Joule temperature increasing from 120.2 °C to 201.4 °C. This welding strategy offers distinct advantages over conventional approaches, including uniform junction welding, scalability, and effective mitigation of localized nanowire breakage.