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<p>In this study, we report on the development of a copper oxide (CuO) particle-based gas sensor for the detection of n-butanol vapors. The CuO particles were synthesized <i>via</i> thermal decomposition of copper carbonate (CuCO₃). The product of decomposition of the CuCO<sub>3</sub> was confirmed to be CuO using a combination of analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and surface area and pore size analyzer. The CuO particles were employed to fabricate a chemiresistive sensor for n-butanol detection. The sensor exhibited an optimum response at 100&#xa0;°C, achieving a sensitivity of 241% toward 40 ppm n-butanol, a detection limit of 0.9 ppm, and excellent linearity (R² = 0.999). Remarkably, the sensor showed negligible response to methanol, ethanol, acetone, toluene, ammonia, and humidity, demonstrating outstanding selectivity. An unusual decrease in resistance upon n-butanol exposure was observed and attributed to adsorption-induced modulation of surface charge density rather than catalytic conversion, as confirmed by GC-MS analysis. The sensor also exhibited rapid response/recovery (42/28 s) and stable performance over 60 days. These findings highlight the potential of porous CuO as a low-temperature and highly selective sensing platform for breath-based disease diagnostics and environmental monitoring.</p>

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Fabrication of a CuO-based gas sensor with high selectivity, sensitivity, and stability for n-butanol detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Khan Malook,
  • Hamayun Khan,
  • Akhtar Ullah,
  • Mutabar Shah,
  • Ihsan Ul Haque,
  • Ashfaq Ahmad

摘要

In this study, we report on the development of a copper oxide (CuO) particle-based gas sensor for the detection of n-butanol vapors. The CuO particles were synthesized via thermal decomposition of copper carbonate (CuCO₃). The product of decomposition of the CuCO3 was confirmed to be CuO using a combination of analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and surface area and pore size analyzer. The CuO particles were employed to fabricate a chemiresistive sensor for n-butanol detection. The sensor exhibited an optimum response at 100 °C, achieving a sensitivity of 241% toward 40 ppm n-butanol, a detection limit of 0.9 ppm, and excellent linearity (R² = 0.999). Remarkably, the sensor showed negligible response to methanol, ethanol, acetone, toluene, ammonia, and humidity, demonstrating outstanding selectivity. An unusual decrease in resistance upon n-butanol exposure was observed and attributed to adsorption-induced modulation of surface charge density rather than catalytic conversion, as confirmed by GC-MS analysis. The sensor also exhibited rapid response/recovery (42/28 s) and stable performance over 60 days. These findings highlight the potential of porous CuO as a low-temperature and highly selective sensing platform for breath-based disease diagnostics and environmental monitoring.