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<p>In this work, enhancing the optical properties of titanium dioxide/polyvinyl alcohol (TiO₂/PVA) thin films was done using the sol-gel technique with silver nitrate nanoparticles (AgNO₃) at 1.8%, 2.8%, and 3.8% concentrations onto etched glass substrates using hydrofluoric acid by the immersion method for innovative advanced medical and environmental applications. The results demonstrate that the energy gap for the prepared TiO₂ was 3.2&#xa0;eV, with a noticeable decrease in the energy gap for the doped samples, which was 3.11&#xa0;eV for the TiO₂/PVA polymer-doped sample. The energy gaps decreased to 2.98&#xa0;eV and 2.79&#xa0;eV for the samples containing AgNO₃ at concentrations of 2.8% and 3.8%, respectively. Thus, silver nitrate effectively extended the samples’ photocatalytic activity range from the ultraviolet to the visible spectrum. The results also demonstrate that the highest value of the extinction coefficient k is 0.10 for pure TiO₂, and the value decreased for doped samples. An increase in transmittance was observed for the doped samples compared to TiO₂. The refractive index value for TiO₂ was 2.35 and decreased for the doped samples. The surface morphology was investigated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), which revealed a highly homogeneous and uniform surface for the prepared films. Furthermore, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted to identify the crystalline phases and structural properties, while Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of characteristic chemical bonds within the thin film .The study results indicated that TiO₂/PVA thin films doped with silver nitrate and deposited using the spin-coating technique on etched glass substrates were effective in improving optical properties in general due to the significant impact of adding the polymer and silver nitrate, increasing transparency, and enhancing optical response in the visible light range, making them suitable for various industrial and environmental applications.</p>

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Structural, morphological, and optical characterization of Ag-doped TiO₂/PVA thin films on HF-treated glass

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月24日

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  • Zainab H. Almimar,
  • Rasool R. Attab

摘要

In this work, enhancing the optical properties of titanium dioxide/polyvinyl alcohol (TiO₂/PVA) thin films was done using the sol-gel technique with silver nitrate nanoparticles (AgNO₃) at 1.8%, 2.8%, and 3.8% concentrations onto etched glass substrates using hydrofluoric acid by the immersion method for innovative advanced medical and environmental applications. The results demonstrate that the energy gap for the prepared TiO₂ was 3.2 eV, with a noticeable decrease in the energy gap for the doped samples, which was 3.11 eV for the TiO₂/PVA polymer-doped sample. The energy gaps decreased to 2.98 eV and 2.79 eV for the samples containing AgNO₃ at concentrations of 2.8% and 3.8%, respectively. Thus, silver nitrate effectively extended the samples’ photocatalytic activity range from the ultraviolet to the visible spectrum. The results also demonstrate that the highest value of the extinction coefficient k is 0.10 for pure TiO₂, and the value decreased for doped samples. An increase in transmittance was observed for the doped samples compared to TiO₂. The refractive index value for TiO₂ was 2.35 and decreased for the doped samples. The surface morphology was investigated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), which revealed a highly homogeneous and uniform surface for the prepared films. Furthermore, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted to identify the crystalline phases and structural properties, while Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of characteristic chemical bonds within the thin film .The study results indicated that TiO₂/PVA thin films doped with silver nitrate and deposited using the spin-coating technique on etched glass substrates were effective in improving optical properties in general due to the significant impact of adding the polymer and silver nitrate, increasing transparency, and enhancing optical response in the visible light range, making them suitable for various industrial and environmental applications.