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<p>Pure and Sm doped Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles, Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Zn<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2−x</sub>Sm<sub>x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> were synthesized to study the relationship between defect-induced structural distortion, optical disorder, and photocatalytic kinetics. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure. The crystallite size of pure sample was found to be 26.02&#xa0;nm. Williamson–Hall analysis indicated a reduction in crystallite size from 53.95&#xa0;nm to 15.07&#xa0;nm due to increased lattice strain. Structural stability was confirmed by the distinctive tetrahedral and octahedral vibrations, recorded in FTIR spectra. UV-visible spectroscopy studies confirmed a decrease in optical band gap from 1.89&#xa0;eV to 1.71&#xa0;eV along with a decrease in Urbach energy from 0.33&#xa0;eV to 0.27&#xa0;eV, which indicates lower band tail disorder and controlled defect distribution. The Sm0.08 composition exhibited higher photocatalytic activity in degradation of the methylene blue dye with up to 98% efficiency within 40&#xa0;min under UV irradiation and a pseudo-first order rate constant of 0.1113&#xa0;min<sup>− 1</sup>. Catalytic reusability studies confirmed good stability with over 90% efficiency even after five repeated cycles.</p>

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Investigations on structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of Sm-substituted Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles for wastewater remediation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Shivangi Gautam,
  • Eeshitta Mehta,
  • Sumit Bhardwaj,
  • Aayush Gupta,
  • Rajni Sharma,
  • Gagan Kumar

摘要

Pure and Sm doped Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles, Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2−xSmxO4 were synthesized to study the relationship between defect-induced structural distortion, optical disorder, and photocatalytic kinetics. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure. The crystallite size of pure sample was found to be 26.02 nm. Williamson–Hall analysis indicated a reduction in crystallite size from 53.95 nm to 15.07 nm due to increased lattice strain. Structural stability was confirmed by the distinctive tetrahedral and octahedral vibrations, recorded in FTIR spectra. UV-visible spectroscopy studies confirmed a decrease in optical band gap from 1.89 eV to 1.71 eV along with a decrease in Urbach energy from 0.33 eV to 0.27 eV, which indicates lower band tail disorder and controlled defect distribution. The Sm0.08 composition exhibited higher photocatalytic activity in degradation of the methylene blue dye with up to 98% efficiency within 40 min under UV irradiation and a pseudo-first order rate constant of 0.1113 min− 1. Catalytic reusability studies confirmed good stability with over 90% efficiency even after five repeated cycles.