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<p>This study synthesized a NaCl-modified samarium-doped ceria (SDC-NaCl) electrolyte via room-temperature solid-state mechanical milling, using inexpensive NaCl as a surface/interface modifier. Characterization indicates that trace NaCl enhances ionic conductivity without observable changes to the fluorite crystal structure. This modification induces slight lattice expansion, an increased surface Ce³⁺ fraction, reduced lattice oxygen binding energy, and a narrower optical bandgap, suggesting a possible increase in oxygen vacancy concentration. These changes indicate a microstructural evolution marked by a higher oxygen vacancy concentration and weakened metal-oxygen bonds. Electrochemical tests confirm that NaCl modification reduces grain boundary resistance and activation energy, thereby improving ion transport. Single cells with the SDC-NaCl electrolyte reach a peak power density of 664 mW cm⁻² at 550&#xa0;°C, significantly higher than the unmodified SDC cell (573 mW cm⁻²). This performance enhancement is attributed to increased oxygen vacancy concentration and the modified grain boundary environment, rather than direct bulk incorporation of Na⁺ or Cl⁻. This study presents a simple, cost-effective strategy for enhancing low-temperature SOFC electrolytes, providing insights into the role of surface/interface modification in promoting oxygen ion transport.</p>

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Performance enhancement of Ce0.8Sm0.2O2−δ electrolyte via NaCl modification for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Jie Zheng,
  • Tianlong Wang,
  • Ying Li,
  • Yongtao Huang,
  • Wei Zhang,
  • Chunsheng Zhuang

摘要

This study synthesized a NaCl-modified samarium-doped ceria (SDC-NaCl) electrolyte via room-temperature solid-state mechanical milling, using inexpensive NaCl as a surface/interface modifier. Characterization indicates that trace NaCl enhances ionic conductivity without observable changes to the fluorite crystal structure. This modification induces slight lattice expansion, an increased surface Ce³⁺ fraction, reduced lattice oxygen binding energy, and a narrower optical bandgap, suggesting a possible increase in oxygen vacancy concentration. These changes indicate a microstructural evolution marked by a higher oxygen vacancy concentration and weakened metal-oxygen bonds. Electrochemical tests confirm that NaCl modification reduces grain boundary resistance and activation energy, thereby improving ion transport. Single cells with the SDC-NaCl electrolyte reach a peak power density of 664 mW cm⁻² at 550 °C, significantly higher than the unmodified SDC cell (573 mW cm⁻²). This performance enhancement is attributed to increased oxygen vacancy concentration and the modified grain boundary environment, rather than direct bulk incorporation of Na⁺ or Cl⁻. This study presents a simple, cost-effective strategy for enhancing low-temperature SOFC electrolytes, providing insights into the role of surface/interface modification in promoting oxygen ion transport.