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<p>In this work, Mg-doped NaMnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a facile co-precipitation method and systematically investigated for supercapacitor applications. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of a highly crystalline, single-phase monoclinic structure with C<sub>2/m</sub> space group symmetry. Crystallite size evaluation revealed larger values from the Williamson–Hall method compared to the Debye–Scherrer equation, highlighting the combined influence of crystallite size and micro strain; these results were further supported by FESEM observations. The phase purity and chemical composition of the synthesized nanoparticles were validated through EDS and XPS analyses, while high-resolution Mn 2p spectra confirmed the predominant Mn⁴⁺ oxidation state. Electrochemical performance was evaluated in a 6&#xa0;M KOH electrolyte, where Mg-doped NaMnO<sub>2</sub> electrodes exhibited pronounced pseudocapacitive behavior, as evidenced by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements. Among all compositions, the SM4 electrode delivered the highest specific capacitance of 252&#xa0;F g⁻¹ at a current density of 3&#xa0;A g⁻¹. Furthermore, the electrode demonstrated good rate capability with a capacitance retention of 74.60% at higher current densities and excellent cycling stability, retaining ~ 80% of its initial capacitance after 6000 charge–discharge cycles. These results underscore the potential of Mg-doped NaMnO<sub>2</sub> as a cost-effective and high-performance electrode material for next-generation supercapacitors, particularly for portable electronics, hybrid electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage applications.</p>

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Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical performance of Mg-Doped NaMnO2 nanoparticles for high-performance supercapacitors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • Karan Sharma,
  • Ankush Kumar Tangra,
  • Ashok K. Sundramoorthy,
  • Sandeep Arya

摘要

In this work, Mg-doped NaMnO2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a facile co-precipitation method and systematically investigated for supercapacitor applications. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of a highly crystalline, single-phase monoclinic structure with C2/m space group symmetry. Crystallite size evaluation revealed larger values from the Williamson–Hall method compared to the Debye–Scherrer equation, highlighting the combined influence of crystallite size and micro strain; these results were further supported by FESEM observations. The phase purity and chemical composition of the synthesized nanoparticles were validated through EDS and XPS analyses, while high-resolution Mn 2p spectra confirmed the predominant Mn⁴⁺ oxidation state. Electrochemical performance was evaluated in a 6 M KOH electrolyte, where Mg-doped NaMnO2 electrodes exhibited pronounced pseudocapacitive behavior, as evidenced by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements. Among all compositions, the SM4 electrode delivered the highest specific capacitance of 252 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 3 A g⁻¹. Furthermore, the electrode demonstrated good rate capability with a capacitance retention of 74.60% at higher current densities and excellent cycling stability, retaining ~ 80% of its initial capacitance after 6000 charge–discharge cycles. These results underscore the potential of Mg-doped NaMnO2 as a cost-effective and high-performance electrode material for next-generation supercapacitors, particularly for portable electronics, hybrid electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage applications.