<p>Ni₃Al-based alloys are widely used in aero-engine turbine blades due to their excellent properties. However, internal void defects, which are unavoidable due to preparation limitations, tend to induce damage during machining and degrade surface quality. Since macroscopic experiments struggle to capture these microscopic mechanisms, the relationship between void shape and temperature rise, dislocation behavior, and stress evolution during nano-cutting was analyzed by molecular dynamics simulations. The study also investigated the effects of initial loading, cutting temperature, and cutting parameters on the surface morphology and subsurface damage in workpieces with voids. Results indicate that the shape of the voids significantly alters heat accumulation and dislocation evolution during the cutting, leading to stress redistribution. At an initial temperature of 900&#xa0;K, local atomic structural evolution becomes markedly intensified, deepening surface depressions and dramatically increasing the depth of subsurface damage. Increased cutting depth intensified plastic deformation around the void, with the total dislocation length being positively correlated to cutting depth, leading to deteriorated surface quality. Higher cutting speeds resulted in a sharp increase in cutting temperatures as well as a reduction in subsurface damage. This study provides insights into the nano-cutting process of Ni₃Al-based alloys with void defects at the microscopic scale, offering theoretical guidance for optimizing cutting parameters and enhancing machining precision.</p>