<p>Atomically dispersed transition metal catalysts have emerged as promising alternatives to noble metal catalysts due to their tunable electronic structures, favorable adsorption energetics toward key intermediates, and maximal atomic utilization efficiency. However, their practical application is hindered by the instability of isolated metal atoms under oxidative conditions, their tendency to agglomerate, and inefficient charge transport. To address these issues, we report a cobalt-based catalyst supported on 3D porous N-doped graphene aerogel (Co-N-GA). In this structure, the nitrogen-doped coordination environment reduces the binding energy of Co atoms and allows them to be uniformly and stably anchored to the carbon framework through Co-N coordination. The electronic interaction of the Co-N coordination environment optimizes the adsorption energy of reaction intermediates, thereby enhancing the intrinsic activity. Furthermore, this 3D hierarchical porous structure not only effectively inhibits the stacking of graphene sheets, effectively enlarging the specific surface area and facilitating electrolyte penetration, but also establishes a multichannel conductive network, enabling fast electron transport. Benefiting from the stable anchoring of the Co atoms and the multi-component synergistic coupling effect, the Co-N-GA catalyst exhibits excellent OER performance in alkaline media. It delivers a low overpotential of only 168 mV at a current density of 10&#xa0;mA cm^− 2, with a small Tafel slope of 51.02 mV dec^− 1, and demonstrates favorable long-term electrochemical stability. This work proposes a rationally designed strategy integrating structural engineering and multi-component synergistic enhancement, providing a feasible route for the development of high-performance non-precious metal OER electrocatalysts.</p>