Dynamic magnetic properties and multi-loop hysteresis behaviors of a one-dimensional nanotube encapsulated with X36
摘要
This research employs Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the magnetic characteristics of a one-dimensional composite made of the nanotube encapsulated with X36. A mixed-spin (3/2, 2) Ising model was constructed to analyze the impact of magnetic site occupancy concentrations (Pa, Pb), external magnetic field amplitude (h0), field period (τ), and temperature (T) on the thermodynamic properties and dynamic hysteresis of the system. Here, Pa and Pb denote the fractions of occupied magnetic sites on the nanotube and X36 sublattices, respectively. These occupancy parameters are randomly generated at the beginning and remain fixed throughout the simulation and are not governed by adsorption–desorption kinetics. The multi-loop hysteresis behavior observed in the system originates from the competing between the two sublattices (spin-2 on the nanotube and spin-3/2 on X36) that offers potential for multilevel magnetic memory applications. Within this framework, changes in three key hysteresis parameters—hysteresis loop area (HLA), coercivity (HC), and remanent magnetization (Mr)—were investigated. Results show that lowering both Pa and Pb concentrations linearly reduces the phase transition temperature (TC), with Pb exhibiting a stronger influence.