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<p>Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was effectively prepared using natural cotton by washing, alkali treatment, bleaching and controlled sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The chemical processes used were effective to extract non-cellulosic materials and selectively destroy amorphous cellulose regions to produce highly crystalline nanostructures. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis was used to validate the maintenance of cellulose I structure and the elimination of hemicellulose and lignin. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated the presence of typical cellulose I diffraction patterns with a high crystallinity index (~ 93.4%), nanoscale crystallite size (~ 5–10&#xa0;nm), and low microstrain suggesting better structural order. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed aggregated nanoscale particles with diameter of about 53 to 71&#xa0;nm, a result that confirmed the development of nanocrystalline domains. The UV-Vis spectroscopy and Tauc analysis were used to study optical properties, which showed that the energies of wide optical bandgaps strongly depended on pH. The bandgap increased from 3.70&#xa0;eV at pH 4.2 to values between 5.13 and 5.27&#xa0;eV at near-neutral conditions (pH 5.3–7.0), indicating reduced defect density and improved electronic ordering at higher pH. The positive relationship between the increase in crystallinity, nanoscale morphology and the increase in bandgap shows a definite correlation between structure- property in the prepared NCC. These results verify that the controlled hydrolysis and post-treatment conditions have a strong effect on the structural stability and optical behaviour of nanocrystalline cellulose, which demonstrates its prospects of application in sustainable advanced materials and optoelectronic devices.</p>

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Sustainable production of nanocrystalline cellulose from natural cotton with tunable structural and optical properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Samar Mahmoud Koukez,
  • Omar M. Dawood

摘要

Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was effectively prepared using natural cotton by washing, alkali treatment, bleaching and controlled sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The chemical processes used were effective to extract non-cellulosic materials and selectively destroy amorphous cellulose regions to produce highly crystalline nanostructures. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis was used to validate the maintenance of cellulose I structure and the elimination of hemicellulose and lignin. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated the presence of typical cellulose I diffraction patterns with a high crystallinity index (~ 93.4%), nanoscale crystallite size (~ 5–10 nm), and low microstrain suggesting better structural order. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed aggregated nanoscale particles with diameter of about 53 to 71 nm, a result that confirmed the development of nanocrystalline domains. The UV-Vis spectroscopy and Tauc analysis were used to study optical properties, which showed that the energies of wide optical bandgaps strongly depended on pH. The bandgap increased from 3.70 eV at pH 4.2 to values between 5.13 and 5.27 eV at near-neutral conditions (pH 5.3–7.0), indicating reduced defect density and improved electronic ordering at higher pH. The positive relationship between the increase in crystallinity, nanoscale morphology and the increase in bandgap shows a definite correlation between structure- property in the prepared NCC. These results verify that the controlled hydrolysis and post-treatment conditions have a strong effect on the structural stability and optical behaviour of nanocrystalline cellulose, which demonstrates its prospects of application in sustainable advanced materials and optoelectronic devices.