<p>Polymer-based nanocomposites have drawn growing interest because of their tunable electrical properties, which are largely governed by interfacial polarization and thermally activated charge transport mechanisms. In this work, chitosan-zinc oxide nanocomposite films were successfully prepared using a simple and eco-friendly green method by integrating different contents of ZnO nanoparticles into the chitosan matrix. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the coexistence of semicrystalline chitosan and the characteristic wurtzite phase of ZnO, indicating successful incorporation of the inorganic phase into the chitosan matrix. Fieldemission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) demonstrated uniform dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles at lower filler concentrations, while partial agglomeration was observed at higher loadings, influencing the microstructural homogeneity of the films. The electrical properties of the nanocomposites were systematically studied through AC conductivity, dielectric constant, dielectric loss, impedance, and electric modulus analyses over a wide frequency and temperature range. The electrical response showed a strong dependence of electrical behaviour on both ZnO content and temperature, reflecting the dominant role of interfacial effects and hopping-type charge transport mechanisms. Among the different compositions studied, the nanocomposite containing 4 wt% ZnO displayed the highest AC conductivity and dielectric permittivity, which can be attributed to improved interfacial polarization and optimized charge transport channels without significant particle aggregation. Overall, this study displays a clear relationship between microstructural features, filler concentration, and charge transport dynamics, underlining the promising potential of chitosan-ZnO nanocomposites for applications in flexible electronic devices, sensing devices, and solid polymer electrolytes.</p>