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<p>A systematic investigation was carried out on the solubility, induction period, and growth behavior of pure and polyborate-doped triglycine sulfate single crystals. Crystals were grown by the conventional slow evaporation method using 1&#xa0;mol% of ammonium pentaborate (AB<sub>5</sub>) and potassium pentaborate (KB<sub>5</sub>) as dopants. EDS analysis confirms the presence of boron and other dopant elements (K, N) in the doped TGS crystals. UV-visible studies revealed enhanced transparency and slight band gap variations, with values of 5.26, 5.06, and 5.03&#xa0;eV for TGS, ATGS, and KTGS, respectively. Photoconductivity measurements indicated negative photoconductive behavior under applied positive bias. Crystalline homogeneity was established by birefringence interferometry, and dielectric studies demonstrated low dielectric constant and loss. The Curie temperature of doped crystals was found to be 50&#xa0;°C. Notably, piezoelectric charge coefficients (d<sub>33</sub>) showed a remarkable enhancement from 1 pC/N in pure TGS to 8 pC/N and 11 pC/N in ATGS and KTGS, respectively, establishing polyborate doping as an effective route for tailoring piezoelectric performance in TGS crystals.</p>

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Tailoring piezoelectric and dielectric performance of TGS crystals through polyborate incorporation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Jubi Initha Mary K,
  • Mohamad Asikali A,
  • Rajesh Paulraj

摘要

A systematic investigation was carried out on the solubility, induction period, and growth behavior of pure and polyborate-doped triglycine sulfate single crystals. Crystals were grown by the conventional slow evaporation method using 1 mol% of ammonium pentaborate (AB5) and potassium pentaborate (KB5) as dopants. EDS analysis confirms the presence of boron and other dopant elements (K, N) in the doped TGS crystals. UV-visible studies revealed enhanced transparency and slight band gap variations, with values of 5.26, 5.06, and 5.03 eV for TGS, ATGS, and KTGS, respectively. Photoconductivity measurements indicated negative photoconductive behavior under applied positive bias. Crystalline homogeneity was established by birefringence interferometry, and dielectric studies demonstrated low dielectric constant and loss. The Curie temperature of doped crystals was found to be 50 °C. Notably, piezoelectric charge coefficients (d33) showed a remarkable enhancement from 1 pC/N in pure TGS to 8 pC/N and 11 pC/N in ATGS and KTGS, respectively, establishing polyborate doping as an effective route for tailoring piezoelectric performance in TGS crystals.