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<p>This study involved synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from an aqueous extract of <i>Opuntia stricta</i> pulp (ZnO NPs/P) and seeds (ZnO NPs/S) under identical conditions. The green synthesis method used plant-derived phytochemicals as reducing and stabilizing agents. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized in detail using UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). UV-Vis analysis showed absorption peaks at 356&#xa0;nm for ZnO NPs/P and at 359&#xa0;nm for ZnO NPs/S, with estimated bandgap energies of 3.01&#xa0;eV and 2.90&#xa0;eV, respectively, confirming their semiconducting properties. FTIR spectra indicated the involvement of hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups in the formation and stabilization of nanoparticles, while Zn–O stretching bands (520–531&#xa0;cm⁻¹) confirmed the formation of ZnO. XRD analysis revealed a wurtzite-type hexagonal crystal structure, with crystallite sizes of 36&#xa0;nm (ZnO NPs/P) and 41&#xa0;nm (ZnO NPs/S). These sizes corresponded to the spherical to sub-spherical morphology observed by SEM. In terms of biological activities, ZnO NPs/P showed greater nitric oxide radical inhibition (26%) and α-amylase inhibition (12.85%), while ZnO NPs/S demonstrated superior ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.78&#xa0;mg Trolox equivalent per mg of nanoparticles) compared to ZnO NPs/P (0.59&#xa0;mg TE/mg NPs). These differences are attributed to the distinct phytochemical profiles of the pulp and seed extracts. In summary, This work highlights <i>Opuntia stricta</i> as a sustainable and environmentally friendly source for the production of biofunctional ZnO nanoparticles with significant antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative study on ZnO nanoparticles synthesized from both pulp and seeds of <i>O. stricta</i> collected in Algeria, providing new insights into the influence of plant part composition on nanoparticle functionality.</p>

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Green Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Algerian Opuntia stricta pulp and seeds aqueous extract: comparative study of optical, structural, morphological, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Nadjat Zidane-Kessad,
  • Fares Boudjouan,
  • Walid Zeghbib,
  • Asma Ourabah,
  • Atmane Djermoune,
  • Farid Ait Merzeg,
  • Ali Benadjaoud,
  • Dahbia Oukil

摘要

This study involved synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from an aqueous extract of Opuntia stricta pulp (ZnO NPs/P) and seeds (ZnO NPs/S) under identical conditions. The green synthesis method used plant-derived phytochemicals as reducing and stabilizing agents. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized in detail using UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). UV-Vis analysis showed absorption peaks at 356 nm for ZnO NPs/P and at 359 nm for ZnO NPs/S, with estimated bandgap energies of 3.01 eV and 2.90 eV, respectively, confirming their semiconducting properties. FTIR spectra indicated the involvement of hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups in the formation and stabilization of nanoparticles, while Zn–O stretching bands (520–531 cm⁻¹) confirmed the formation of ZnO. XRD analysis revealed a wurtzite-type hexagonal crystal structure, with crystallite sizes of 36 nm (ZnO NPs/P) and 41 nm (ZnO NPs/S). These sizes corresponded to the spherical to sub-spherical morphology observed by SEM. In terms of biological activities, ZnO NPs/P showed greater nitric oxide radical inhibition (26%) and α-amylase inhibition (12.85%), while ZnO NPs/S demonstrated superior ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.78 mg Trolox equivalent per mg of nanoparticles) compared to ZnO NPs/P (0.59 mg TE/mg NPs). These differences are attributed to the distinct phytochemical profiles of the pulp and seed extracts. In summary, This work highlights Opuntia stricta as a sustainable and environmentally friendly source for the production of biofunctional ZnO nanoparticles with significant antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative study on ZnO nanoparticles synthesized from both pulp and seeds of O. stricta collected in Algeria, providing new insights into the influence of plant part composition on nanoparticle functionality.