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<p>This study presents the synthesis and comprehensive evaluation of Pd/PdO-doped ZnO nanostructured thin films fabricated via two routes: conventional hydrothermal and a novel hybrid method combining pulsed laser ablation (PLA) in water with hydrothermal treatment under varying alkaline conditions (pH 7.7 and 11). Structural, morphological, and optical characterizations were carried out using XRD, FESEM, AFM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of crystalline ZnO phases in all samples and revealed secondary PdO phases in hybrid films prepared at pH 11, indicating successful Pd incorporation and oxidation. FESEM and AFM analyses showed that pH and laser-assisted synthesis significantly influenced the surface morphology and roughness, with smoother and more uniform features observed in hybrid samples at higher pH. UV-Vis absorption spectra and Tauc plots revealed a tunable bandgap between 2.7&#xa0;eV and 2.9&#xa0;eV, modulated by structural order and dopant-induced energy states. Notably, photo-induced wettability switching under visible and 405&#xa0;nm laser irradiation showed enhanced hydrophilicity for samples with higher crystallinity and PdO presence, due to efficient charge separation and ROS generation at ZnO/PdO heterojunctions. The synergistic effect of laser ablation and alkaline hydrothermal treatment enables precise tuning of structural and surface properties, suggesting promising applications in smart surfaces, photocatalysis, and optically responsive coatings.</p>

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Photo-induced wettability modulation of Pd/PdO-Doped ZnO thin films synthesized via hybrid hydrothermal-laser ablation route

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Khaldoon N. Abbas,
  • Sura Y. Khalaf

摘要

This study presents the synthesis and comprehensive evaluation of Pd/PdO-doped ZnO nanostructured thin films fabricated via two routes: conventional hydrothermal and a novel hybrid method combining pulsed laser ablation (PLA) in water with hydrothermal treatment under varying alkaline conditions (pH 7.7 and 11). Structural, morphological, and optical characterizations were carried out using XRD, FESEM, AFM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of crystalline ZnO phases in all samples and revealed secondary PdO phases in hybrid films prepared at pH 11, indicating successful Pd incorporation and oxidation. FESEM and AFM analyses showed that pH and laser-assisted synthesis significantly influenced the surface morphology and roughness, with smoother and more uniform features observed in hybrid samples at higher pH. UV-Vis absorption spectra and Tauc plots revealed a tunable bandgap between 2.7 eV and 2.9 eV, modulated by structural order and dopant-induced energy states. Notably, photo-induced wettability switching under visible and 405 nm laser irradiation showed enhanced hydrophilicity for samples with higher crystallinity and PdO presence, due to efficient charge separation and ROS generation at ZnO/PdO heterojunctions. The synergistic effect of laser ablation and alkaline hydrothermal treatment enables precise tuning of structural and surface properties, suggesting promising applications in smart surfaces, photocatalysis, and optically responsive coatings.