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<p>The lack of freshwater is a major problem around the world that needs affordable and long-lasting desalination technologies. This study presents the synthesis and characterization of magnetite/graphitic carbon nitride (Fe₃O₄@g-C₃N₄) hybrid nanocomposites and assesses their applicability for solar-driven seawater desalination. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation, while g-C₃N₄ sheets were produced via thermally breaking down urea. The hybrids were made by mixing them with ultrasonic waves. Structural, morphological, and optical analyses confirmed a close connection between the two parts, resulting in enhanced light absorption, charge separation, and interactions at the interface. Optical studies showed that the bandgap got smaller and the hybrid system was better at collecting visible light than the individual materials. Photothermal experiments under simulated solar irradiation showed that seawater with the hybrid nanofluid had a much higher temperature (about 61 °C) than either pure Fe₃O₄ (about 51 °C) or base seawater (about 46 °C). The Fe₃O₄@g-C₃N₄ composite has a higher efficiency for converting solar energy to heat because its optical and thermal properties work well together. These results show that Fe₃O₄@g-C₃N₄ is a cheap, eco-friendly, and reusable material for solar desalination. This shows how promising hybrid nanostructures are for improving the production of freshwater in a sustainable way.</p>

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Graphitic carbon nitride/magnetite hybrid nanocomposites for efficient water-desalination

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Ahmed Nabil Emam,
  • T. S. Soliman,
  • Horia. F,
  • A. Khalid

摘要

The lack of freshwater is a major problem around the world that needs affordable and long-lasting desalination technologies. This study presents the synthesis and characterization of magnetite/graphitic carbon nitride (Fe₃O₄@g-C₃N₄) hybrid nanocomposites and assesses their applicability for solar-driven seawater desalination. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation, while g-C₃N₄ sheets were produced via thermally breaking down urea. The hybrids were made by mixing them with ultrasonic waves. Structural, morphological, and optical analyses confirmed a close connection between the two parts, resulting in enhanced light absorption, charge separation, and interactions at the interface. Optical studies showed that the bandgap got smaller and the hybrid system was better at collecting visible light than the individual materials. Photothermal experiments under simulated solar irradiation showed that seawater with the hybrid nanofluid had a much higher temperature (about 61 °C) than either pure Fe₃O₄ (about 51 °C) or base seawater (about 46 °C). The Fe₃O₄@g-C₃N₄ composite has a higher efficiency for converting solar energy to heat because its optical and thermal properties work well together. These results show that Fe₃O₄@g-C₃N₄ is a cheap, eco-friendly, and reusable material for solar desalination. This shows how promising hybrid nanostructures are for improving the production of freshwater in a sustainable way.