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<p>Pure and Cu-doped NdFeO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel citrate method and systematically investigated for their structural, optical, magnetic, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties. X-ray diffraction confirmed an orthorhombic perovskite structure (<i>Pbnm</i>), with a minor CuO impurity in the doped sample. Cu substitution reduced the crystallite size and slightly increased the lattice parameters. Optical studies revealed a decrease in band gap from 2.70 to 2.59&#xa0;eV. Magnetic measurements showed enhanced remnant and maximum magnetization upon Cu doping. Dielectric analysis indicated frequency-dependent behaviour with low dielectric loss (&lt; 1), while AC conductivity increased at higher frequencies. Notably, Cu doping led to a substantial enhancement in ferroelectric polarization, with the maximum polarization increasing from 1.45 to 13.82 µC/cm<sup>2</sup> at ± 4&#xa0;kV/cm, demonstrating improved multiferroic performance.</p>

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Study of structural, optical, electrical, and multiferroic properties of Cu ions doped NdFeO3 nanomaterials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Faizul Qamar,
  • Shakeel Khan

摘要

Pure and Cu-doped NdFeO3 nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel citrate method and systematically investigated for their structural, optical, magnetic, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties. X-ray diffraction confirmed an orthorhombic perovskite structure (Pbnm), with a minor CuO impurity in the doped sample. Cu substitution reduced the crystallite size and slightly increased the lattice parameters. Optical studies revealed a decrease in band gap from 2.70 to 2.59 eV. Magnetic measurements showed enhanced remnant and maximum magnetization upon Cu doping. Dielectric analysis indicated frequency-dependent behaviour with low dielectric loss (< 1), while AC conductivity increased at higher frequencies. Notably, Cu doping led to a substantial enhancement in ferroelectric polarization, with the maximum polarization increasing from 1.45 to 13.82 µC/cm2 at ± 4 kV/cm, demonstrating improved multiferroic performance.