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<p>The Al<sub>x</sub>CrNbTiV (x = 0.2-1.0) high-entropy alloy coatings were fabricated on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding to investigate their phase evolution and wear behaviour. X-ray diffraction revealed a body-centered cubic solid solution matrix with composition-dependent intermetallics simultaneously, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy results showed that the Ti-rich Cr<sub>2</sub>Nb-type Laves phase decreases with Al addition, while a needle-like Ti<sub>2</sub>AlNb phase increases; Vickers microhardness testing indicated that the average cladding-zone microhardness decreased slightly from 582 ± 25 HV<sub>0.5</sub> (at x = 0.2) to 550 ± 16 HV<sub>0.5</sub> (at x = 1.0); However, dry sliding tribological tests (10&#xa0;N, 18&#xa0;m) demonstrated that the wear resistance significantly improved with increasing Al content. The specific wear rate decreased from (1.61 ± 0.08) × 10<sup>− 4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/(N·m) at x = 0.2 to a minimum of (4.33 ± 0.22) × 10<sup>− 5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/(N·m) at x = 1.0. The steady-state coefficient of friction also decreased from 0.69 ± 0.03 to 0.58 ± 0.03. The curves evolved from fluctuating, adhesion-dominated traces at low Al to lower and more stable signals at intermediate Al, while worn morphologies transitioned from adhesive and oxidative wear to predominantly abrasive wear at high Al. The main mechanism is attributed to the Al-driven stabilization of Ti<sub>2</sub>AlNb and the dilution-limited stability of the Cr<sub>2</sub>Nb-type Laves phase. The results establish a phase-engineering route to design, wear-resistant laser cladding high-entropy alloy coatings for titanium alloys.</p>

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Microstructure and wear resistance of AlxCrNbTiV high-entropy alloy coatings prepared by laser cladding on Ti6Al4V

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

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  • Wenqi Cao,
  • Hongxi Liu,
  • Zhaoyang Peng,
  • Yueyi Wang,
  • Chen Yang,
  • Yaxia Liu,
  • Xiaowei Zhang,
  • Xubiao Liu

摘要

The AlxCrNbTiV (x = 0.2-1.0) high-entropy alloy coatings were fabricated on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding to investigate their phase evolution and wear behaviour. X-ray diffraction revealed a body-centered cubic solid solution matrix with composition-dependent intermetallics simultaneously, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy results showed that the Ti-rich Cr2Nb-type Laves phase decreases with Al addition, while a needle-like Ti2AlNb phase increases; Vickers microhardness testing indicated that the average cladding-zone microhardness decreased slightly from 582 ± 25 HV0.5 (at x = 0.2) to 550 ± 16 HV0.5 (at x = 1.0); However, dry sliding tribological tests (10 N, 18 m) demonstrated that the wear resistance significantly improved with increasing Al content. The specific wear rate decreased from (1.61 ± 0.08) × 10− 4 mm3/(N·m) at x = 0.2 to a minimum of (4.33 ± 0.22) × 10− 5 mm3/(N·m) at x = 1.0. The steady-state coefficient of friction also decreased from 0.69 ± 0.03 to 0.58 ± 0.03. The curves evolved from fluctuating, adhesion-dominated traces at low Al to lower and more stable signals at intermediate Al, while worn morphologies transitioned from adhesive and oxidative wear to predominantly abrasive wear at high Al. The main mechanism is attributed to the Al-driven stabilization of Ti2AlNb and the dilution-limited stability of the Cr2Nb-type Laves phase. The results establish a phase-engineering route to design, wear-resistant laser cladding high-entropy alloy coatings for titanium alloys.