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<p>In this study, we present a scalable approach for fabricating large-area perovskite solar cell absorbers using a custom-designed, UV-assisted printing technique. By integrating real-time ultraviolet irradiation during film deposition, we promote rapid and controlled perovskite crystallization, resulting in highly uniform and defect-minimized films. A systematic optimization of key deposition parameters—including ink concentration and printing speed—was conducted to obtain perovskite layers engineered for use in solar-to-electric applications. Perovskite precursor solutions with the concentrations of 1.0, 1.3, and 1.5&#xa0;M and composition of Cs<sub>0.05</sub>(MA<sub>0.17</sub>FA<sub>0.83</sub>)<sub>0.95</sub>Pb(I<sub>0.83</sub>Br<sub>0.17</sub>)<sub>3</sub> were prepared and printed at speeds of 100, 300, and 500&#xa0;mm/min. Notably, the champion large-scale solar cell—fabricated from 1.3&#xa0;M ink at 300&#xa0;mm/min—achieved the maximum power conversion efficiency of 8.54%, with a fill factor of 65.13%, an open-circuit voltage V<sub>OC</sub> of 1.05&#xa0;V, and a short-circuit current density J<sub>SC</sub> of 13.66&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. This performance enhancement is ascribed to improved crystalline framework and reduced imperfection density, as confirmed by morphological microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses. This UV-assisted printing strategy offers a promising pathway for the scalable production of efficient and large-area perovskite solar cells, facilitating industrial-scale applications through controlled modulation of crystal defects. This UV-assisted printing strategy offers a promising pathway for the scalable production of high-performance, large-area perovskite solar cells, paving the way toward industrial-scale applications through controlled modulation of crystal defects.</p>

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Scalable UV-Assisted printing approach for developing Large-Area perovskite solar cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Fatemeh Sadat Rohani Hajiagha,
  • Amirmahmoud Bakhshayesh

摘要

In this study, we present a scalable approach for fabricating large-area perovskite solar cell absorbers using a custom-designed, UV-assisted printing technique. By integrating real-time ultraviolet irradiation during film deposition, we promote rapid and controlled perovskite crystallization, resulting in highly uniform and defect-minimized films. A systematic optimization of key deposition parameters—including ink concentration and printing speed—was conducted to obtain perovskite layers engineered for use in solar-to-electric applications. Perovskite precursor solutions with the concentrations of 1.0, 1.3, and 1.5 M and composition of Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 were prepared and printed at speeds of 100, 300, and 500 mm/min. Notably, the champion large-scale solar cell—fabricated from 1.3 M ink at 300 mm/min—achieved the maximum power conversion efficiency of 8.54%, with a fill factor of 65.13%, an open-circuit voltage VOC of 1.05 V, and a short-circuit current density JSC of 13.66 mA/cm2. This performance enhancement is ascribed to improved crystalline framework and reduced imperfection density, as confirmed by morphological microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses. This UV-assisted printing strategy offers a promising pathway for the scalable production of efficient and large-area perovskite solar cells, facilitating industrial-scale applications through controlled modulation of crystal defects. This UV-assisted printing strategy offers a promising pathway for the scalable production of high-performance, large-area perovskite solar cells, paving the way toward industrial-scale applications through controlled modulation of crystal defects.