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<p>In this study, Co<sub>0.5</sub>Cd<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (CCFO) and Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Cd<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (NCFO) spinel ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol-gel auto-combustion method and systematically investigated for their structural, morphological, elastic, and dielectric properties. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel structure with minor Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> impurity, attributed to thermal oxidation during annealing. Cation distribution was estimated using the Buerger intensity ratio method, revealing a strongly inverse configuration for CCFO and a partially inverse arrangement in NCFO, which influences lattice parameters and microstrain. NCFO had a slightly greater lattice constant (8.475 Å) and crystallite size (16.93&#xa0;nm) than CCFO (8.395 Å and 16.14&#xa0;nm), despite the smaller ionic radius of Ni<sup>2+</sup>. This suggests that cation redistribution and strain effects dominated ionic size trends. FESEM revealed quasi-spherical to platelet-like agglomerate nanoparticles with mean sizes of 152&#xa0;nm (CCFO) and 171&#xa0;nm (NCFO), consistent with XRD-derived crystallite sizes within agglomeration limits. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the spinel framework and enabled estimation of elastic moduli, which were consistently higher in CCFO due to stronger metal–oxygen bonding. Dielectric measurements over 20&#xa0;Hz–2&#xa0;MHz demonstrated typical Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization, with CCFO exhibiting higher dielectric constant and loss, attributed to enhanced electron hopping and defect concentration. This comparative study highlights the significant impact of Co<sup>2+</sup>/Ni<sup>2+</sup> substitution on structural and functional characteristics, offering insights for tailored design of Cd-based ferrites in microwave and magnetic applications.</p>

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Cation distribution and microstructure effects on structural, elastic, and dielectric properties of (Co, Ni)0.5Cd0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月27日

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  • Sarwar Hasan,
  • Bruska Azhdar

摘要

In this study, Co0.5Cd0.5Fe2O4 (CCFO) and Ni0.5Cd0.5Fe2O4 (NCFO) spinel ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol-gel auto-combustion method and systematically investigated for their structural, morphological, elastic, and dielectric properties. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel structure with minor Fe2O3 impurity, attributed to thermal oxidation during annealing. Cation distribution was estimated using the Buerger intensity ratio method, revealing a strongly inverse configuration for CCFO and a partially inverse arrangement in NCFO, which influences lattice parameters and microstrain. NCFO had a slightly greater lattice constant (8.475 Å) and crystallite size (16.93 nm) than CCFO (8.395 Å and 16.14 nm), despite the smaller ionic radius of Ni2+. This suggests that cation redistribution and strain effects dominated ionic size trends. FESEM revealed quasi-spherical to platelet-like agglomerate nanoparticles with mean sizes of 152 nm (CCFO) and 171 nm (NCFO), consistent with XRD-derived crystallite sizes within agglomeration limits. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the spinel framework and enabled estimation of elastic moduli, which were consistently higher in CCFO due to stronger metal–oxygen bonding. Dielectric measurements over 20 Hz–2 MHz demonstrated typical Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization, with CCFO exhibiting higher dielectric constant and loss, attributed to enhanced electron hopping and defect concentration. This comparative study highlights the significant impact of Co2+/Ni2+ substitution on structural and functional characteristics, offering insights for tailored design of Cd-based ferrites in microwave and magnetic applications.