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<p>This study investigates the dielectric and electrical properties of zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄) nanoparticles synthesized via a sustainable myco-mediated route using Oyster mushroom extract as a bio-capping agent. Structural analysis confirmed crystallite sizes ranging from 16 to 28&#xa0;nm, demonstrating that fungal phytochemicals effectively modulate particle size and microstructural parameters. The dielectric constant of the nanoparticles was found to be remarkably high (~ 24,854 at low frequencies) with comparatively low dielectric loss, both strongly dependent on frequency, temperature, and particle size. The dielectric dispersion was well-explained by the Cole–Cole model, indicating poly-dispersive relaxation behavior. AC conductivity, interpreted through Jonscher’s power law, revealed distinct conduction pathways: non-overlapping small polaron tunneling (NSPT) for pristine ZnFe₂O₄ and correlated barrier hopping (CBH) for the green-synthesized samples. Electrical modulus analysis further confirmed short-range charge carrier mobility with non-Debye relaxation. Temperature-dependent DC conductivity followed Arrhenius behavior, with activation energies decreasing systematically with increasing particle size, highlighting thermally activated conduction. The synergy of ultra-high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, and tunable conduction mechanisms underscores the potential of green-synthesized ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles for capacitors, memory storage devices, and smart sensors.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on dielectric properties of green-synthesized ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles, where Oyster mushroom extract not only enables an eco-friendly fabrication route but also provides precise control over dielectric performance through particle size engineering.</p>

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Eco-friendly engineering of dielectric properties in ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles through myco-mediated synthesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Toton Sarkar,
  • Sani Kundu,
  • Ashis Bhattacharjee

摘要

This study investigates the dielectric and electrical properties of zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄) nanoparticles synthesized via a sustainable myco-mediated route using Oyster mushroom extract as a bio-capping agent. Structural analysis confirmed crystallite sizes ranging from 16 to 28 nm, demonstrating that fungal phytochemicals effectively modulate particle size and microstructural parameters. The dielectric constant of the nanoparticles was found to be remarkably high (~ 24,854 at low frequencies) with comparatively low dielectric loss, both strongly dependent on frequency, temperature, and particle size. The dielectric dispersion was well-explained by the Cole–Cole model, indicating poly-dispersive relaxation behavior. AC conductivity, interpreted through Jonscher’s power law, revealed distinct conduction pathways: non-overlapping small polaron tunneling (NSPT) for pristine ZnFe₂O₄ and correlated barrier hopping (CBH) for the green-synthesized samples. Electrical modulus analysis further confirmed short-range charge carrier mobility with non-Debye relaxation. Temperature-dependent DC conductivity followed Arrhenius behavior, with activation energies decreasing systematically with increasing particle size, highlighting thermally activated conduction. The synergy of ultra-high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, and tunable conduction mechanisms underscores the potential of green-synthesized ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles for capacitors, memory storage devices, and smart sensors.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on dielectric properties of green-synthesized ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles, where Oyster mushroom extract not only enables an eco-friendly fabrication route but also provides precise control over dielectric performance through particle size engineering.