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<p>In this study, multiferroic composites of (1-x) Ba<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>Cr<sub>0.6</sub>Ti<sub>0.4</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + (x) CoFe<sub>1.8</sub>La<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> compositions with x values of 0.0 to 1.0 in steps of 0.2, were meticulously synthesized using a sophisticated double sintering ceramic technique at an elevated temperature of 1250°C for four hours. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns unveiled the harmonious coexistence of a tetragonal perovskite structure and a spinel cubic ferrite phase. The theoretical and bulk densities exhibited contrasting trends with varying ferrite concentrations, while porosity impressively diminished to a mere 22.9% as CFLO content surged, signifying exceptional crystallization. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra eloquently showcased the signature vibration bands of Fe-O, Ba-O, and Ti-O, Further enriching our understanding of these complex structures. The grain size expanded significantly, from 1.01&#xa0;μm to an impressive 1.95&#xa0;μm with increasing CFLO content. Simultaneously, the dielectric constant (ε՛) and loss tangent (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8889_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="37" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:tan\delta\:\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) majestically decreased, highlighting the refined dielectric properties of these composites. The P-E hysteresis loops featured a vivid transition from paraelectric to ferroelectric behavior with higher ferrite content, while conductivity gracefully decreased following the rule of mixture. In the realm of magnetic properties, the saturation magnetization (<i>M</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>) of the composites surged from a modest 11.55 emu/gm to a formidable 49.27 emu/gm. The composites transitioned from “soft” to “hard” magnetic behavior driven by the heightened coercivity (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8889_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{H}_{c}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>). Notably, the composite with x = 0.8, boasting high saturation magnetization and polarization, emerged as a star candidate for pioneering spintronic device applications.</p>

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Interpretation of Tailored Multiferroic Properties of (1-x) Ba0.6Sr0.4Cr0.6Ti0.4O3 + (x) CoFe1.8La0.2O4 Composites via Double Sintering Ceramic Technique

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月26日

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  • Ferdous Jahan Antee,
  • R. Rahman,
  • Kazi Hanium Maria,
  • Armin Anwar,
  • M.N.I. Khan,
  • I.N. Esha

摘要

In this study, multiferroic composites of (1-x) Ba0.6Sr0.4Cr0.6Ti0.4O3 + (x) CoFe1.8La0.2O4 compositions with x values of 0.0 to 1.0 in steps of 0.2, were meticulously synthesized using a sophisticated double sintering ceramic technique at an elevated temperature of 1250°C for four hours. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns unveiled the harmonious coexistence of a tetragonal perovskite structure and a spinel cubic ferrite phase. The theoretical and bulk densities exhibited contrasting trends with varying ferrite concentrations, while porosity impressively diminished to a mere 22.9% as CFLO content surged, signifying exceptional crystallization. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra eloquently showcased the signature vibration bands of Fe-O, Ba-O, and Ti-O, Further enriching our understanding of these complex structures. The grain size expanded significantly, from 1.01 μm to an impressive 1.95 μm with increasing CFLO content. Simultaneously, the dielectric constant (ε՛) and loss tangent ( \(\:tan\delta\:\) ) majestically decreased, highlighting the refined dielectric properties of these composites. The P-E hysteresis loops featured a vivid transition from paraelectric to ferroelectric behavior with higher ferrite content, while conductivity gracefully decreased following the rule of mixture. In the realm of magnetic properties, the saturation magnetization (Ms) of the composites surged from a modest 11.55 emu/gm to a formidable 49.27 emu/gm. The composites transitioned from “soft” to “hard” magnetic behavior driven by the heightened coercivity ( \(\:{H}_{c}\) ). Notably, the composite with x = 0.8, boasting high saturation magnetization and polarization, emerged as a star candidate for pioneering spintronic device applications.