Enhancing the structural, biological and anticancerous activities of 45S5 bioactive glass ceramics by introducing titanium and magnesium
摘要
Bioactive ceramics are widely acknowledged for their use in repairing bone defects, bone tissue engineering & dental application due to their biocompatibility and high bioactivity. According to recent studies, the addition of metallic ions improves their characteristics and increases their suitability for use in biological applications. This study, investigates the enhancement of 45S5 bioactive glass ceramics by co-doping with titanium and magnesium in a 3:1 ratio of 2, 4, and 6 mol %. The bioactive ceramic was synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. Synthesized materials were thoroughly characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and in vitro bioactivity tests in Hank’s body salt solution at 37 °C for 7 days. Additionally, the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility were evaluated by using the MTT test. A Universal Testing Machine was used to assess the mechanical characteristics such as compressive strength which increases from 29.4 MPa to 72.9 MPa and Young’s modulus improved from 0.152 GPa to 0.216 GPa after co-doping indicating load bearing capability. Furthermore, the anti-carcinogenic activity was evaluated through cell imaging in HeLa cells, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC or IC50) determined. The in vitro studies in HBS solution showed that the development of hydroxylcarbonated apatite on the surface increased with higher doping concentrations, as confirmed by SEM imaging. TM6 sample exhibited the lowest IC50 value (~ 70 µg/mL) against HeLa cells, demonstrating significant anticancer activity. Among all samples TM6 was found to be highly biocompatible with enhanced mechanical performance making it suitable for bone tissue engineering and dentistry.