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<p>This research details the innovative synthesis and thorough characterization of quaternary CaFe₂O₄/CuFe₂O₄/ZnFe₂O₄/NiFe₂O₄ ferrite nanocomposites. These unique materials were produced using an auto-combustion method, followed by calcination at two different temperatures: 700&#xa0;°C (designated CCZN-1) and 800&#xa0;°C (designated CCZN-2). The study’s significance lies in introducing a rare combination of four distinct ferrite phases within a single nanocomposite system, which allows for greater control over their structural and magnetic properties. XRD analysis confirmed the successful formation and coexistence of multiple spinel-type ferrite phases. Higher calcination temperatures at 800&#xa0;°C led to improved crystallinity, evidenced by sharper diffraction peaks and larger crystallite sizes. FESEM images revealed an increase in grain size, with average particle diameters growing from 59&#xa0;nm for CCZN-1 to 97&#xa0;nm for CCZN-2. The uniform distribution of Ca, Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, and O within the material’s matrix was verified through EDS and elemental mapping. FTIR spectroscopy detected prominent Fe-O vibrational modes, consistent with the expected spinel ferrite structure. Further insights into the oxidation states and chemical environments of the metal ions were provided by XPS. BET analysis indicated that both samples possess mesoporous structures, with specific surface areas of 23.04&#xa0;m²/g for CCZN-1 and 24.6&#xa0;m²/g for CCZN-2. Magnetic measurements demonstrated that both nanocomposite samples exhibit superparamagnetic behavior. The saturation magnetization (Ms) values were found to be 1.38 emu/g for CCZN-1 and 1.59 emu/g for CCZN-2. These compelling findings underscore the potential of these novel quaternary ferrite nanocomposites for diverse multifunctional applications, particularly in magnetic and catalytic systems.</p>

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Effect of calcination temperature on the structural, magnetic, and surface characteristics of quaternary CaFe₂O₄/CuFe₂O₄/ZnFe₂O₄/NiFe₂O₄ ferrite nanocomposites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月21日

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  • Ala Manohar,
  • Ki Hyeon Kim

摘要

This research details the innovative synthesis and thorough characterization of quaternary CaFe₂O₄/CuFe₂O₄/ZnFe₂O₄/NiFe₂O₄ ferrite nanocomposites. These unique materials were produced using an auto-combustion method, followed by calcination at two different temperatures: 700 °C (designated CCZN-1) and 800 °C (designated CCZN-2). The study’s significance lies in introducing a rare combination of four distinct ferrite phases within a single nanocomposite system, which allows for greater control over their structural and magnetic properties. XRD analysis confirmed the successful formation and coexistence of multiple spinel-type ferrite phases. Higher calcination temperatures at 800 °C led to improved crystallinity, evidenced by sharper diffraction peaks and larger crystallite sizes. FESEM images revealed an increase in grain size, with average particle diameters growing from 59 nm for CCZN-1 to 97 nm for CCZN-2. The uniform distribution of Ca, Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, and O within the material’s matrix was verified through EDS and elemental mapping. FTIR spectroscopy detected prominent Fe-O vibrational modes, consistent with the expected spinel ferrite structure. Further insights into the oxidation states and chemical environments of the metal ions were provided by XPS. BET analysis indicated that both samples possess mesoporous structures, with specific surface areas of 23.04 m²/g for CCZN-1 and 24.6 m²/g for CCZN-2. Magnetic measurements demonstrated that both nanocomposite samples exhibit superparamagnetic behavior. The saturation magnetization (Ms) values were found to be 1.38 emu/g for CCZN-1 and 1.59 emu/g for CCZN-2. These compelling findings underscore the potential of these novel quaternary ferrite nanocomposites for diverse multifunctional applications, particularly in magnetic and catalytic systems.