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<p>This work utilizes a phase-field modeling approach to investigate how electric field characteristics—specifically direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC)—along with sample dimensions, influence grain structure evolution during the final stage of flash sintering in ceramic materials. The simulations reveal that increasing the strength of a DC field initially enhances grain growth rates; however, this acceleration diminishes beyond a certain threshold, indicating a saturation behavior. In contrast, strong AC fields tend to inhibit grain coarsening, fostering the development of fine-grained regions but simultaneously increasing grain-size variability due to spatial differences in grain boundary mobility. The model also captures the emergence of anisotropic grain morphologies, particularly under low-intensity DC fields, where grains preferentially elongate in directions orthogonal to the applied field. Sample size further affects microstructural consistency: smaller domains promote more uniform grain structures, whereas larger volumes tend to develop directionally biased growth and greater heterogeneity, driven by uneven electric field distributions. Collectively, the findings highlight a set of processing parameters that optimize grain refinement, suppress excessive anisotropy, and maintain controlled heterogeneity in flash-sintered ceramics.</p>

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Phase-field simulation of flash-sintered ceramics: linking sample size and electric field to microstructural homogeneity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月26日

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  • Ramdevsinh Jhala,
  • Nagaraj Patil,
  • Debasish Shit,
  • V. K. Bupesh Raja,
  • Abinash Mahapatro,
  • Deepak Gupta

摘要

This work utilizes a phase-field modeling approach to investigate how electric field characteristics—specifically direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC)—along with sample dimensions, influence grain structure evolution during the final stage of flash sintering in ceramic materials. The simulations reveal that increasing the strength of a DC field initially enhances grain growth rates; however, this acceleration diminishes beyond a certain threshold, indicating a saturation behavior. In contrast, strong AC fields tend to inhibit grain coarsening, fostering the development of fine-grained regions but simultaneously increasing grain-size variability due to spatial differences in grain boundary mobility. The model also captures the emergence of anisotropic grain morphologies, particularly under low-intensity DC fields, where grains preferentially elongate in directions orthogonal to the applied field. Sample size further affects microstructural consistency: smaller domains promote more uniform grain structures, whereas larger volumes tend to develop directionally biased growth and greater heterogeneity, driven by uneven electric field distributions. Collectively, the findings highlight a set of processing parameters that optimize grain refinement, suppress excessive anisotropy, and maintain controlled heterogeneity in flash-sintered ceramics.