<p>The objective of this research is to explore, under the effective mass approximation (EMA) framework and employing the variational method, how hydrostatic pressure (HP), non-parabolicity (NP) and polaronic mass (PM) influence the binding energy (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8592_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{b}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and the diamagnetic susceptibility (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8592_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="27" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\upchi }_{\mathrm{dia}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">χ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">dia</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) of a magnetic impurity <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8592_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="53" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({(\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Mn</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the ground state <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8592_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left(1\mathrm{s}\right)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mn>1</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and low-lying excited states <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8592_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((2\mathrm{s}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8592_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="30" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({2\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{z}})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in a semimagnetic <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8592_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="137" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathrm{CdTe}/{\mathrm{Cd}}_{1-\mathrm{x}}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{Te}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">CdTe</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Cd</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Mn</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Te</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> double quantum well (DQW). Furthermore, the <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8592_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{b}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the corresponding <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8592_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="27" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\upchi }_{\mathrm{dia}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">χ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">dia</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for the impurity states were determined as a function of the barrier thickness <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8592_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left({\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{b}}\right)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi> </msub> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the impurity position <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8592_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="25" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left({\mathrm{z}}_{\mathrm{i}}\right)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">z</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </msub> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, while keeping the well width <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8592_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="33" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left({\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{w}}\right)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">w</mi> </msub> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> fixed. Additionally, the polaronic correction <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8592_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="36" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left({\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{sp}}\right)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">sp</mi> </msub> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, arising from the strong coupling between the magnetic moment of the <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8592_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Mn</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> ion and the spin of the confined electron, has been calculated for the aforementioned states under the same effects. We hope that these numerical results will make a significant contribution to the advancement of optoelectronic devices based on semimagnetic semiconductors.</p>

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Theoretical analysis of hydrostatic pressure effect on binding energy and diamagnetic susceptibility of ground and excited states in semimagnetic double quantum wells

  • H. Azmi,
  • K. El-Bakkari,
  • A. Mazouz,
  • M. Jaouane,
  • A. Fakkahi,
  • R. Arraoui,
  • A. Ed-Dahmouny,
  • M. Jaafar,
  • A. Sali,
  • N. Amri,
  • H. El Ghazi

摘要

The objective of this research is to explore, under the effective mass approximation (EMA) framework and employing the variational method, how hydrostatic pressure (HP), non-parabolicity (NP) and polaronic mass (PM) influence the binding energy ( \({\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{b}}\) E b ) and the diamagnetic susceptibility ( \({\upchi }_{\mathrm{dia}}\) χ dia ) of a magnetic impurity \({(\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+})\) ( Mn 2 + ) in the ground state \(\left(1\mathrm{s}\right)\) 1 s and low-lying excited states \((2\mathrm{s}\) ( 2 s and \({2\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{z}})\) 2 p z ) in a semimagnetic \(\mathrm{CdTe}/{\mathrm{Cd}}_{1-\mathrm{x}}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{x}}\mathrm{Te}\) CdTe / Cd 1 - x Mn x Te double quantum well (DQW). Furthermore, the \({\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{b}}\) E b and the corresponding \({\upchi }_{\mathrm{dia}}\) χ dia for the impurity states were determined as a function of the barrier thickness \(\left({\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{b}}\right)\) L b and the impurity position \(\left({\mathrm{z}}_{\mathrm{i}}\right)\) z i , while keeping the well width \(\left({\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{w}}\right)\) L w fixed. Additionally, the polaronic correction \(\left({\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{sp}}\right)\) E sp , arising from the strong coupling between the magnetic moment of the \({\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}\) Mn 2 + ion and the spin of the confined electron, has been calculated for the aforementioned states under the same effects. We hope that these numerical results will make a significant contribution to the advancement of optoelectronic devices based on semimagnetic semiconductors.