<p>We studied a qubit based on flux-pinning effects in <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8506_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="81" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta H=\Delta B\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>H</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> region of a superconductor. In the state that volume defects are many enough in a superconductor, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8506_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>H=<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8506_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>B region on M–H curve would be evolved, which is the region that increased applied magnetic field (<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8506_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>H) is the same as increasing magnetic induction (<InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8506_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>B). Magnetization (M) is constant in the region by 4<InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8506_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pi\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>π</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>M = B - H. Here we show the behavior of fluxes in <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8506_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>H&#xa0;=&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8506_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>B region can be a candidate of qubit. Pinned fluxes on volume defects would move as a bundle in the region by repeating flux-pinning and pick-out depinning process from the surface to the center of the superconductor. During the process, magnetic fluxes would exist as one of states that are flux-pinning state at volume defects and depinning state from the defect. A difference of diamagnetic property occurs between pinning state at volume defects and depinning state from the volume defects. Thus, diamagnetic properties of the superconductor would oscillate in <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8506_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>H=<InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8506_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>B region and the behavior would be observed in M-H curve. The oscillation can be used for a qubit by setting the pinning state at volume defects as <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8506_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="25" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathinner {|{1}\rangle }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the depinning state as <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8506_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="25" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathinner {|{0}\rangle }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. It is determined that the operating temperature as a qubit is up to 25 K if <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="339_2025_8506_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {MgB}_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>MgB</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is used as a base superconductor.</p>

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Quantum bit behavior of pinned fluxes on volume defects in superconductor

  • H. B. Lee,
  • G. C. Kim,
  • Byeong-Joo Kim,
  • Young Jin Sohn,
  • Y. C. Kim

摘要

We studied a qubit based on flux-pinning effects in \(\Delta H=\Delta B\) Δ H = Δ B region of a superconductor. In the state that volume defects are many enough in a superconductor, \(\Delta\) Δ H= \(\Delta\) Δ B region on M–H curve would be evolved, which is the region that increased applied magnetic field ( \(\Delta\) Δ H) is the same as increasing magnetic induction ( \(\Delta\) Δ B). Magnetization (M) is constant in the region by 4 \(\pi\) π M = B - H. Here we show the behavior of fluxes in \(\Delta\) Δ H =  \(\Delta\) Δ B region can be a candidate of qubit. Pinned fluxes on volume defects would move as a bundle in the region by repeating flux-pinning and pick-out depinning process from the surface to the center of the superconductor. During the process, magnetic fluxes would exist as one of states that are flux-pinning state at volume defects and depinning state from the defect. A difference of diamagnetic property occurs between pinning state at volume defects and depinning state from the volume defects. Thus, diamagnetic properties of the superconductor would oscillate in \(\Delta\) Δ H= \(\Delta\) Δ B region and the behavior would be observed in M-H curve. The oscillation can be used for a qubit by setting the pinning state at volume defects as \(\mathinner {|{1}\rangle }\) | 1 and the depinning state as \(\mathinner {|{0}\rangle }\) | 0 . It is determined that the operating temperature as a qubit is up to 25 K if \(\hbox {MgB}_2\) MgB 2 is used as a base superconductor.