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<p>Climate change has profoundly impacted coral reefs worldwide, resulting in a concerning and irreversible deterioration. Preserving the biomaterials of coral species is essential, and cryopreservation presents a viable method for achieving this goal. This study aimed to evaluate cryoinjury via ultrastructural data. The planulae of <i>Stylophora pistillata</i> were subjected to vitrification and nanolaser warming utilizing species-specific vitrification solutions with gold nanoparticles. Ultrastructural analysis of the planulae using a transmission electron microscope to assess the cryoinjury incurred during cryopreservation. The results indicated that swimming planulae sustained greater cryoinjuries compared to their immobile counterparts. These cryoinjuries included swelling of the microvilli, breakage of the flagella in the epidermis, tissue fragmentation, disintegration, and cell loosening. Symbiodiniaceae exhibited abnormalities ranging from mild (chloroplast swelling and degraded chromosomes) to severe (nucleus margination and stroma darkening), with membrane blebbing being a common moderate abnormality. Cryoinjuries also resulted in shrunken Symbiodiniaceae and disintegrated lipid bodies. Despite the observed cryoinjuries, both swimming and immobile planulae can be used for cryopreservation. The ultrastructural evidence gathered in this study can help to improve cryopreservation protocols for <i>S. pistillata</i> and other scleractinian corals by enhancing settlement and post-settlement survival.</p>

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Ultrastructural evidence for cryoinjury of the scleractinian coral larvae

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月27日

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  • Arah Narida,
  • Sujune Tsai,
  • Zhi-Hong Wen,
  • Li-Hsueh Wang,
  • Cheng-Liang Huang,
  • Chiahsin Lin

摘要

Climate change has profoundly impacted coral reefs worldwide, resulting in a concerning and irreversible deterioration. Preserving the biomaterials of coral species is essential, and cryopreservation presents a viable method for achieving this goal. This study aimed to evaluate cryoinjury via ultrastructural data. The planulae of Stylophora pistillata were subjected to vitrification and nanolaser warming utilizing species-specific vitrification solutions with gold nanoparticles. Ultrastructural analysis of the planulae using a transmission electron microscope to assess the cryoinjury incurred during cryopreservation. The results indicated that swimming planulae sustained greater cryoinjuries compared to their immobile counterparts. These cryoinjuries included swelling of the microvilli, breakage of the flagella in the epidermis, tissue fragmentation, disintegration, and cell loosening. Symbiodiniaceae exhibited abnormalities ranging from mild (chloroplast swelling and degraded chromosomes) to severe (nucleus margination and stroma darkening), with membrane blebbing being a common moderate abnormality. Cryoinjuries also resulted in shrunken Symbiodiniaceae and disintegrated lipid bodies. Despite the observed cryoinjuries, both swimming and immobile planulae can be used for cryopreservation. The ultrastructural evidence gathered in this study can help to improve cryopreservation protocols for S. pistillata and other scleractinian corals by enhancing settlement and post-settlement survival.