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Background <p>Frenkel’s exercises, designed by Heinrich Frenkel, consist of repetitive, precise movements intended to restore rhythmic, smooth, and coordinated motor function. These exercises can be performed in a&#xa0;semi-lying position, which may reduce the risk of falls compared to other forms of exercise. However, current evidence regarding their efficacy for enhancing balance and coordination among elderly and neurologically impaired individuals is limited. Additionally, uncertainty exists regarding the optimal exercise parameters.</p> Objective <p>This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of Frenkel’s exercises on improvements in balance and coordination outcomes, particularly in elderly and neurologically impaired patients.</p> Methods <p>Data sources included the PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, PEDro, and Scopus databases from inception to May 2024 as well as the reference lists of the included articles, citations, and registers. Eligibility criteria comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published or unpublished, in English that examined the effects of Frenkel’s exercises in elderly and neurologically impaired patients. Our critical outcomes were balance and coordination. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data, assessed trial quality (RoB2), and evaluated the certainty of evidence for key outcomes via GRADE.</p> Results <p>This systematic review of six RCTs (383 participants) revealed that Frenkel’s exercises significantly improved balance compared to controls. However, considerable variability in exercise parameters (session times ranging from 10&#xa0;to 60 min and total session durations ranging from 2:15 to 36 h) and outcome measures was noted. Coordination outcomes showed no significant differences, and concerns regarding bias were prevalent in all included studies.</p> Conclusion <p>There is low-certainty evidence that Frenkel’s exercises improve balance in elderly and neurologically impaired populations, but they may be less effective than other interventions. Further high-quality research is needed to establish the optimal training parameters and effectiveness of Frenkel’s exercises for balance and coordination improvements.</p>

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Effectiveness of Frenkel’s exercises for balance and coordination: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月7日

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  • Ahmed Samir,
  • Esraa Mohamed Mosaid,
  • Arwa Rifaat Mutawali,
  • Ahmed Saad,
  • Farah Ahmed Elzanaty,
  • Hagar Ibrahim

摘要

Background

Frenkel’s exercises, designed by Heinrich Frenkel, consist of repetitive, precise movements intended to restore rhythmic, smooth, and coordinated motor function. These exercises can be performed in a semi-lying position, which may reduce the risk of falls compared to other forms of exercise. However, current evidence regarding their efficacy for enhancing balance and coordination among elderly and neurologically impaired individuals is limited. Additionally, uncertainty exists regarding the optimal exercise parameters.

Objective

This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of Frenkel’s exercises on improvements in balance and coordination outcomes, particularly in elderly and neurologically impaired patients.

Methods

Data sources included the PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, PEDro, and Scopus databases from inception to May 2024 as well as the reference lists of the included articles, citations, and registers. Eligibility criteria comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published or unpublished, in English that examined the effects of Frenkel’s exercises in elderly and neurologically impaired patients. Our critical outcomes were balance and coordination. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data, assessed trial quality (RoB2), and evaluated the certainty of evidence for key outcomes via GRADE.

Results

This systematic review of six RCTs (383 participants) revealed that Frenkel’s exercises significantly improved balance compared to controls. However, considerable variability in exercise parameters (session times ranging from 10 to 60 min and total session durations ranging from 2:15 to 36 h) and outcome measures was noted. Coordination outcomes showed no significant differences, and concerns regarding bias were prevalent in all included studies.

Conclusion

There is low-certainty evidence that Frenkel’s exercises improve balance in elderly and neurologically impaired populations, but they may be less effective than other interventions. Further high-quality research is needed to establish the optimal training parameters and effectiveness of Frenkel’s exercises for balance and coordination improvements.