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<p>Male infertility affects about 15% of couples worldwide, out of which 50% of the affected are males. Male infertility is a multifactorial condition that can alter sperm motility, morphology, and function, and also cause other complications that can result in a sterile male individual. In recent years, research has been focused on the significance of reproductive health and how lifestyle and other environmental factors contribute to this issue. Studies have also reported that epigenetic factors can contribute to the alterations observed in several male infertility conditions. Epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and ncRNA regulations serve a major role in the regulation of spermatozoan. Several therapies based on epigenetics are being investigated. Identifying epigenetic biomarkers will help in predicting the impact and cause of male infertility. Elucidation of the molecular mechanism and regulation of epigenetic factors will allow a better understanding of the disease progression. This will aid in tailoring early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve the outcomes of the affected individuals. This review aims to provide a deeper understanding of male infertility by examining the interplay between these molecular mechanisms and contributing factors to facilitate the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.</p>

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Unravelling male infertility through epigenetics: present understanding and future challenges

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • S. Amrita Malini,
  • Almitra Abhijit Dravid,
  • Ritwika Saha,
  • Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan,
  • Sandra Kannampuzha

摘要

Male infertility affects about 15% of couples worldwide, out of which 50% of the affected are males. Male infertility is a multifactorial condition that can alter sperm motility, morphology, and function, and also cause other complications that can result in a sterile male individual. In recent years, research has been focused on the significance of reproductive health and how lifestyle and other environmental factors contribute to this issue. Studies have also reported that epigenetic factors can contribute to the alterations observed in several male infertility conditions. Epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and ncRNA regulations serve a major role in the regulation of spermatozoan. Several therapies based on epigenetics are being investigated. Identifying epigenetic biomarkers will help in predicting the impact and cause of male infertility. Elucidation of the molecular mechanism and regulation of epigenetic factors will allow a better understanding of the disease progression. This will aid in tailoring early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve the outcomes of the affected individuals. This review aims to provide a deeper understanding of male infertility by examining the interplay between these molecular mechanisms and contributing factors to facilitate the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.