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<p>The Crusader period—or period of the Frankish wars—in Caesarea began by Baldwin I, capturing the city in 1101&#xa0;<span>ce</span> from the Muslims and establishing a strong Christian presence. King Louis IX of France, who used Caesarea as a base of operations in the Holy Land during his campaign of 1251–1252&#xa0;<span>ce</span>, built the great Crusader walls at the site. However, shortly thereafter Caesarea fell to the Mamluks and was destroyed. Caesarea never regained its economic value. Between 1101 and 1187&#xa0;<span>ce</span> it prospered nonetheless. It was noted that during this period Caesarea was famous for its wheat, its olive groves, its citrus fruits and its figs. Plant material from this important historical period in the Near East is almost non-existent. As a result, the assemblage from Caesarea provides rare insight into the agricultural economy during Frankish occupation. This paper presents an analysis of a large number of sediment samples recovered during the Combined Caesarea Excavation project to gain a better understanding of the importance of the agricultural economy of Caesarea. The most ubiquitous species present were barley, lentils, walnuts, wheat, grape and fig. Weed species recovered, suggest the hinterland of Caesarea continued to be a productive agricultural region, even after its economic decline.</p>

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From field to fortress: botanical evidence of agriculture during the Crusader occupation of Caesarea

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月5日

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  • Jennifer Ramsay

摘要

The Crusader period—or period of the Frankish wars—in Caesarea began by Baldwin I, capturing the city in 1101 ce from the Muslims and establishing a strong Christian presence. King Louis IX of France, who used Caesarea as a base of operations in the Holy Land during his campaign of 1251–1252 ce, built the great Crusader walls at the site. However, shortly thereafter Caesarea fell to the Mamluks and was destroyed. Caesarea never regained its economic value. Between 1101 and 1187 ce it prospered nonetheless. It was noted that during this period Caesarea was famous for its wheat, its olive groves, its citrus fruits and its figs. Plant material from this important historical period in the Near East is almost non-existent. As a result, the assemblage from Caesarea provides rare insight into the agricultural economy during Frankish occupation. This paper presents an analysis of a large number of sediment samples recovered during the Combined Caesarea Excavation project to gain a better understanding of the importance of the agricultural economy of Caesarea. The most ubiquitous species present were barley, lentils, walnuts, wheat, grape and fig. Weed species recovered, suggest the hinterland of Caesarea continued to be a productive agricultural region, even after its economic decline.