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<p>Climate change is a major driver of plant community dynamics, and a palaeoecological perspective is essential for understanding its impact across temporal scales ranging from decades to millennia. This study aimed to assess changes in the taxonomic diversity and composition of neotropical vegetation surrounding a volcano in west-central Mexico over the last ca. 500&#xa0;years, with a particular focus on responses to climate change, especially variations in solar activity and volcanic events. We used palaeoecological data based on pollen and geochemical elements from a 50-cm sediment core. The vegetation reconstruction identified a total of 131 taxa, primarily comprising trees, shrubs, and herbs, categorized into four main vegetation types: cloud forest, tropical forest, temperate forest, and riparian forest. The dynamics of these vegetation types were influenced by periods of low solar activity and heightened volcanic activity, which contributed to severe droughts during the Little Ice Age (ca. 1350–1850 <span>ce</span>). The greatest changes in taxonomic composition were related to droughts and eruptive events notably ca. 1450–1460, ca. 1590–1610 and ca. 1907–1927<span> ce</span>. Findings indicate that components of cloud forests were likely the most affected by droughts, while those of tropical and riparian forests experienced greater impacts during cold periods. In contrast, temperate forest components were predominantly influenced by violent eruptive events.</p>

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Climate and volcanic impacts on neotropical vegetation over the last 500 years in Mexico

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月24日

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  • Juana Valeria Hernandez-Rocha,
  • Blanca Lorena Figueroa-Rangel,
  • Ana Patricia Del Castillo-Batista,
  • Miguel Olvera-Vargas,
  • Socorro Lozano-García,
  • Margarita Caballero

摘要

Climate change is a major driver of plant community dynamics, and a palaeoecological perspective is essential for understanding its impact across temporal scales ranging from decades to millennia. This study aimed to assess changes in the taxonomic diversity and composition of neotropical vegetation surrounding a volcano in west-central Mexico over the last ca. 500 years, with a particular focus on responses to climate change, especially variations in solar activity and volcanic events. We used palaeoecological data based on pollen and geochemical elements from a 50-cm sediment core. The vegetation reconstruction identified a total of 131 taxa, primarily comprising trees, shrubs, and herbs, categorized into four main vegetation types: cloud forest, tropical forest, temperate forest, and riparian forest. The dynamics of these vegetation types were influenced by periods of low solar activity and heightened volcanic activity, which contributed to severe droughts during the Little Ice Age (ca. 1350–1850 ce). The greatest changes in taxonomic composition were related to droughts and eruptive events notably ca. 1450–1460, ca. 1590–1610 and ca. 1907–1927 ce. Findings indicate that components of cloud forests were likely the most affected by droughts, while those of tropical and riparian forests experienced greater impacts during cold periods. In contrast, temperate forest components were predominantly influenced by violent eruptive events.