Scholarlink

<p>The boreal forests represented a climatic and ecological challenge for early farmers. While in the boreal zone of Scandinavia evidence of agriculture dates back to the Neolithic, in Western Siberia cereal cultivation started not before the Middle Ages. Here we present the first comprehensive archaeobotanical investigation of archaeological sites from the mid-Kama region of easternmost Europe from the Early Iron Age and Medieval period. The results show that the emergence of agriculture occurred during the Late Ananyino period of the Early Iron Age, the latest in the 4th century <span>bce</span>. Most probably slash-and-burn agriculture was practiced, which very likely included manuring with dung. At that time, 58°N represented the northern border of crop cultivation in Eastern Europe. The main types of cultivated cereals were emmer and barley, which were diversified in the 3rd–5th centuries <span>ce</span> with bread wheat, broomcorn millet and hemp. Wild plants contributed to a diverse diet and indicate strongly altered landscapes around the study sites. The Early Iron Age dominance of emmer connects the origin of agriculture in the mid-Kama region to the Pontic steppe and Caucasus area. Overall, agriculture might have contributed to the increase in Glyadenovo population and occupation of new territories to the north and to the south.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Archaeobotanical and isotope studies evidence crop cultivation already during the Early Iron Age in the boreal forests of the cis-Urals (Kama river basin)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

查看全文
  • Elizaveta Orlova,
  • Vlada Batalova,
  • Frank Schlütz,
  • Mikhail Pereskokov,
  • Lyudmila Shumilovskikh

摘要

The boreal forests represented a climatic and ecological challenge for early farmers. While in the boreal zone of Scandinavia evidence of agriculture dates back to the Neolithic, in Western Siberia cereal cultivation started not before the Middle Ages. Here we present the first comprehensive archaeobotanical investigation of archaeological sites from the mid-Kama region of easternmost Europe from the Early Iron Age and Medieval period. The results show that the emergence of agriculture occurred during the Late Ananyino period of the Early Iron Age, the latest in the 4th century bce. Most probably slash-and-burn agriculture was practiced, which very likely included manuring with dung. At that time, 58°N represented the northern border of crop cultivation in Eastern Europe. The main types of cultivated cereals were emmer and barley, which were diversified in the 3rd–5th centuries ce with bread wheat, broomcorn millet and hemp. Wild plants contributed to a diverse diet and indicate strongly altered landscapes around the study sites. The Early Iron Age dominance of emmer connects the origin of agriculture in the mid-Kama region to the Pontic steppe and Caucasus area. Overall, agriculture might have contributed to the increase in Glyadenovo population and occupation of new territories to the north and to the south.