Objectives <p>To construct a combined nomogram using CT enhancement ratio-based habitat imaging and radiological features in predicting the main component of combined hepatocellular carcinoma‑cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA), and to assess its ability for stratifying the prognosis.</p> Materials and methods <p>Patients with pathologically diagnosed cHCC-CCA who underwent contrast-enhanced CT examinations were retrospectively included and randomized into the training and validation cohorts. Tumors were grouped into high hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) component (high-HCC%) and low-HCC component (low-HCC%) according to pathology. Voxels of tumor from early enhancement ratio and late enhancement ratio maps were clustered into different habitats through the <i>k</i>-means algorithm. The volume fractions of different habitats were quantified. Logistic regression analyses were utilized to identify independent predictors for high-HCC%, construct prediction models, and visualize them as a nomogram. The predictive performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method.</p> Results <p>165 patients were finally included, and 78 (47.27%) patients were grouped as high-HCC%. Four tumor habitats were determined. The fraction of habitat 1 (<i>f</i>₁) was significantly higher, while the fraction of habitat 4 (<i>f</i>₄) was significantly lower in the high-HCC% group than in the low-HCC% group. Tumor capsule, corona enhancement, delayed enhancement, <i>f</i>₁, and <i>f</i>₄ were used to construct the combined nomogram with AUCs of 0.927 and 0.923 in training and validation cohorts, respectively. The combined nomogram predicted-high-HCC% exhibited better prognoses than the predicted-low-HCC% groups in terms of recurrence-free survival and overall survival.</p> Conclusion <p>Enhancement-based CT habitat imaging exhibited potential for predicting the main component cHCC-CCA, and provided a tool for prognosis stratification.</p> Key Points <p><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Question</Emphasis> <i>The component of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) significantly affected the prognosis, but there is no effective method for predicting the main component of cHCC-CCA</i>.</p> <p><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Findings</Emphasis> <i>The combined nomogram integrated habitat parameters and radiological features can predict the main component of cHCC-CCA and help stratify the prognosis after hepatectomy</i>.</p> <p><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Clinical relevance</Emphasis> <i>The habitat-based combined nomogram offers an effective tool for personalized and appropriate treatment in cHCC-CCA patients</i>.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>