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<p>Human activities are a primary driver of biodiversity loss, significantly impacting mammal populations, with nearly one in four species currently facing the threat of extinction. Conventional detection methods, such as surveys, camera traps, and live traps, require intensive fieldwork and post-processing, which may limit their application in certain contexts. Consequently, environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a non-invasive and efficient alternative for species detection, including rare or low-detectability species. Advances in next-generation sequencing and metabarcoding have enabled rapid biodiversity assessments from water, sediment, and air samples. Given the challenges associated with sampling in inaccessible and adverse environments, such as Tierra del Fuego, exploring innovative approaches to species sampling is imperative. This study assessed the feasibility of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding targeting the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene to characterize mammalian diversity from water samples. Results from a single day of sampling demonstrated the detection of 76% of the mammalian species presumed to be present in Tierra del Fuego. Notably, the taxa detected spanned several conservation categories, including species classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species as Least Concern, Vulnerable, Endangered, and Critically Endangered. While further methodological refinements are necessary, eDNA metabarcoding represents an effective tool with significant potential to complement traditional monitoring methods, optimizing both biodiversity management and conservation strategies in Tierra del Fuego.</p>

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Mammal diversity in remote and harsh habitats: validating the power of environmental DNA metabarcoding at the southernmost tip of South America

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Melina Pellegrino,
  • Julieta Sánchez,
  • Lu Denisse Chiberry,
  • Mariela Fernanda Victorio,
  • Sebastián Poljak

摘要

Human activities are a primary driver of biodiversity loss, significantly impacting mammal populations, with nearly one in four species currently facing the threat of extinction. Conventional detection methods, such as surveys, camera traps, and live traps, require intensive fieldwork and post-processing, which may limit their application in certain contexts. Consequently, environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a non-invasive and efficient alternative for species detection, including rare or low-detectability species. Advances in next-generation sequencing and metabarcoding have enabled rapid biodiversity assessments from water, sediment, and air samples. Given the challenges associated with sampling in inaccessible and adverse environments, such as Tierra del Fuego, exploring innovative approaches to species sampling is imperative. This study assessed the feasibility of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding targeting the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene to characterize mammalian diversity from water samples. Results from a single day of sampling demonstrated the detection of 76% of the mammalian species presumed to be present in Tierra del Fuego. Notably, the taxa detected spanned several conservation categories, including species classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species as Least Concern, Vulnerable, Endangered, and Critically Endangered. While further methodological refinements are necessary, eDNA metabarcoding represents an effective tool with significant potential to complement traditional monitoring methods, optimizing both biodiversity management and conservation strategies in Tierra del Fuego.