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<p>Glacier retreat is one of the most visible consequences of the climate change in the Arctic, substantially altering polar biodiversity and creating a novel environment. Paraglacial coastal lagoons represent specific types of newly emerged habitats: being located at the junction of the cryosphere, land, and sea, they can exhibit quite a complex structure and large biodiversity. During the last decades, hundreds of paraglacial lagoons have emerged in Svalbard. Nevertheless, our understanding of all biota components in these recently formed ecosystems remains limited. The article deals with the plankton communities in Eidemlaguna, a paraglacial coastal lagoon, which started to form ~ 90&#xa0;years ago. As a result of studies conducted in 2022–2023, the distributional patterns of the plankton and a current snapshot of its biodiversity are given. A total of 60 phytoplankton and 29 zooplankton taxa were recorded, demonstrating the strong potential of young post-glacial habitats to support diverse planktonic organisms across multiple trophic levels. The plankton community structure was driven by distinct vertical stratification in the main body of the lagoon, with a higher abundance of freshwater species above the halocline, and with&#xa0;increased concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria and a greater presence of marine species below the halocline. The distribution of the plankton strongly mirrors the horizontal zonation of the lagoon. Significant dissimilarity was revealed for both phytoplankton and zooplankton between distinct lagoon parts, reflecting the stages of lagoon formation and the sequence of the glacial retreat. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the total variation in zooplankton was influenced by distance to the glacier, as well as by algal abundance, temperature, and turbidity, which are likely linked to glacial meltwater input. The results provide new insights into the transforming planktonic environments of paraglacial lagoons and highlight their significance as emerging ecosystems in the challenging context of a warming climate.</p>

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Plankton distributional patterns in an emerging paraglacial Arctic lagoon reflect its complex nature

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Dzmitry Lukashanets,
  • Irina Olenina,
  • Evelina Grinienė,
  • Greta Kilmonaitė,
  • Tobia Politi,
  • Andrius Šiaulys,
  • Aleksej Šaškov,
  • Aurelija Samuilovienė,
  • Anastasija Zaiko,
  • Katarzyna Jankowska,
  • Jan Marcin Węsławski,
  • Sergej Olenin

摘要

Glacier retreat is one of the most visible consequences of the climate change in the Arctic, substantially altering polar biodiversity and creating a novel environment. Paraglacial coastal lagoons represent specific types of newly emerged habitats: being located at the junction of the cryosphere, land, and sea, they can exhibit quite a complex structure and large biodiversity. During the last decades, hundreds of paraglacial lagoons have emerged in Svalbard. Nevertheless, our understanding of all biota components in these recently formed ecosystems remains limited. The article deals with the plankton communities in Eidemlaguna, a paraglacial coastal lagoon, which started to form ~ 90 years ago. As a result of studies conducted in 2022–2023, the distributional patterns of the plankton and a current snapshot of its biodiversity are given. A total of 60 phytoplankton and 29 zooplankton taxa were recorded, demonstrating the strong potential of young post-glacial habitats to support diverse planktonic organisms across multiple trophic levels. The plankton community structure was driven by distinct vertical stratification in the main body of the lagoon, with a higher abundance of freshwater species above the halocline, and with increased concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria and a greater presence of marine species below the halocline. The distribution of the plankton strongly mirrors the horizontal zonation of the lagoon. Significant dissimilarity was revealed for both phytoplankton and zooplankton between distinct lagoon parts, reflecting the stages of lagoon formation and the sequence of the glacial retreat. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the total variation in zooplankton was influenced by distance to the glacier, as well as by algal abundance, temperature, and turbidity, which are likely linked to glacial meltwater input. The results provide new insights into the transforming planktonic environments of paraglacial lagoons and highlight their significance as emerging ecosystems in the challenging context of a warming climate.