At-sea distribution of Adélie and gentoo penguins during the 2017/2018 chick-guarding stage at Stranger Point/Cabo Funes, South Shetland Islands
摘要
The foraging behavior of bioindicator species, such as penguins, provides valuable insights into ecosystem functioning, helping to assess the potential effects of environmental variability and identify priority areas for their conservation. At Stranger Point/Cabo Funes (South Shetland Islands), Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) dominates the diet of chick-provisioning Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) penguins. However, the marine areas used by these species had not previously been studied using GPS loggers. During the 2017/2018 chick-guarding stage, we tracked the horizontal movements of both species. The individuals predominantly moved southeast of the colony, remaining in nearby coastal habitats within the Mar de la Flota/Bransfield Strait. Maximum and total distance traveled, as well as foraging trip duration, did not differ significantly between species. However, differences were observed in trip departure times, with gentoo penguins departing earlier in the morning than Adélie penguins. Both species overlapped in their home range areas, but there was evidence of some spatial segregation: foraging effort of gentoo penguins was more concentrated closer to the colony than that of Adélie penguins. In contrast, no significant differences in trip parameters were observed in either species as the breeding stage progressed, suggesting that krill was not a limited resource during the 2017/2018 season. In line with this, no interspecific differences in breeding success were detected. Our results underline the ecological value of the coastal waters off Stranger Point, where a seamount lies about 20 km offshore, as productive foraging grounds and reinforce the importance of conserving these key habitats.