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<p>Although the study of soil nematodes has a long tradition, our knowledge of Arctic nematode communities is sparse and data are from small areas of the polar region. We investigated the diversity and community structure of nematode communities in the rhizosphere of six Arctic plant species in Petuniabukta, central Svalbard. The six species included the cushion-forming plant species <i>Silene acaulis, Saxifraga oppositifolia</i>, and <i>Dryas octopetala</i> as well as the mat-forming arctic dwarf-shrubs <i>Salix polaris, Cassiope tetragona</i>, and the grass <i>Carex rupestris.</i> We found an uncommonly high number of nematode species, 109 in total. Although many taxa could not be identified to species level (33), the species richness in the Arctic seems to be higher than generally assumed. Plant species was the responsible predictor of nematode community composition in the root zone of Arctic tundra. Bacterial feeders were the predominant nematodes in our study, followed by fungivores and occasionally by plant parasites as in patches of <i>D. octopetala</i> and <i>C. rupestris.</i> Closed canopies cushions of <i>S. acaulis</i> form the most favorable microhabitat for nematodes, as evidenced by the highest total abundance, diversity, and number of species, as well as the recorded nematode biomass and structured food web in the soil. Likewise the analysis showed that the conditions under the patches of <i>D. octopetala</i> and <i>C. rupestris</i> are more favorable for the nematode community than those created by <i>S. polaris</i> and <i>C. tetragona</i> themselves. These results show that plant species and their growth form can be essential elements in the development of soil fauna in the harsh conditions of the high Arctic tundra.</p>

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Coupling between plants and nematode community in high arctic tundra soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月24日

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  • Marek Renčo,
  • Karel Janko,
  • Miloslav Devetter

摘要

Although the study of soil nematodes has a long tradition, our knowledge of Arctic nematode communities is sparse and data are from small areas of the polar region. We investigated the diversity and community structure of nematode communities in the rhizosphere of six Arctic plant species in Petuniabukta, central Svalbard. The six species included the cushion-forming plant species Silene acaulis, Saxifraga oppositifolia, and Dryas octopetala as well as the mat-forming arctic dwarf-shrubs Salix polaris, Cassiope tetragona, and the grass Carex rupestris. We found an uncommonly high number of nematode species, 109 in total. Although many taxa could not be identified to species level (33), the species richness in the Arctic seems to be higher than generally assumed. Plant species was the responsible predictor of nematode community composition in the root zone of Arctic tundra. Bacterial feeders were the predominant nematodes in our study, followed by fungivores and occasionally by plant parasites as in patches of D. octopetala and C. rupestris. Closed canopies cushions of S. acaulis form the most favorable microhabitat for nematodes, as evidenced by the highest total abundance, diversity, and number of species, as well as the recorded nematode biomass and structured food web in the soil. Likewise the analysis showed that the conditions under the patches of D. octopetala and C. rupestris are more favorable for the nematode community than those created by S. polaris and C. tetragona themselves. These results show that plant species and their growth form can be essential elements in the development of soil fauna in the harsh conditions of the high Arctic tundra.