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<p>Hitherto, only one species of the genus <i>Hydrodendron</i> Hincks, 1874 has been reported from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters, <i>Hydrodendron arboreum</i> (Allman, 1888), originally described from Kerguelen. A detailed study carried out with material collected from several Antarctic and sub-Antarctic localities has revealed that the diversity of the genus in these waters is significantly higher than previously thought. Five species new to science have been found and are described here: <i>Hydrodendron bathyalis</i> sp. nov., so far only known from deep waters of Bransfield Strait, in Antarctica; <i>Hydrodendron bouvetensis</i> sp. nov., present in waters of Bouvet Island and the South Shetland Islands; <i>Hydrodendron glacialis</i> sp. nov., restricted to High Antarctica; <i>Hydrodendron peculiaris</i> sp. nov., endemic from Shag Rocks, in the South Georgia area; and <i>Hydrodendron semiadnatus</i> sp. nov., so far only known from waters off Bouvet Island. On the other hand, <i>H. arboreum</i>, despite having been frequently reported from Antarctic waters, appears to be restricted to sub-Antarctic waters; its Antarctic records seem to correspond to some of the new species described here. Concerning the bathymetric distribution, all species appear to be shelf species, except for <i>Hydrodendron bathyalis</i> sp. nov., which was found in deep waters of Bransfield Strait. The high diversity of the genus also concerns the cnidome characterising the species studied. Despite all of them having four size classes of nematocysts, three clearly distinct groups of species can be identified based on the type of the largest nematocysts. Future molecular studies will be needed to determine whether these groups represent distinct lineages.</p>

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Unveiling hydrozoan diversity in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters: unexpected species richness of the genus Hydrodendron Hincks, 1874 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa), with the description of five new species

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月23日

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  • Alvaro L. Peña Cantero

摘要

Hitherto, only one species of the genus Hydrodendron Hincks, 1874 has been reported from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters, Hydrodendron arboreum (Allman, 1888), originally described from Kerguelen. A detailed study carried out with material collected from several Antarctic and sub-Antarctic localities has revealed that the diversity of the genus in these waters is significantly higher than previously thought. Five species new to science have been found and are described here: Hydrodendron bathyalis sp. nov., so far only known from deep waters of Bransfield Strait, in Antarctica; Hydrodendron bouvetensis sp. nov., present in waters of Bouvet Island and the South Shetland Islands; Hydrodendron glacialis sp. nov., restricted to High Antarctica; Hydrodendron peculiaris sp. nov., endemic from Shag Rocks, in the South Georgia area; and Hydrodendron semiadnatus sp. nov., so far only known from waters off Bouvet Island. On the other hand, H. arboreum, despite having been frequently reported from Antarctic waters, appears to be restricted to sub-Antarctic waters; its Antarctic records seem to correspond to some of the new species described here. Concerning the bathymetric distribution, all species appear to be shelf species, except for Hydrodendron bathyalis sp. nov., which was found in deep waters of Bransfield Strait. The high diversity of the genus also concerns the cnidome characterising the species studied. Despite all of them having four size classes of nematocysts, three clearly distinct groups of species can be identified based on the type of the largest nematocysts. Future molecular studies will be needed to determine whether these groups represent distinct lineages.