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<p>Warming ocean conditions have resulted in rapid borealization of Arctic seas, with fish assemblages reorganizing as sub-Arctic fish species expand into new territories, such as in the Chukchi Sea in the Pacific Arctic. During the summer months, this region has seen increases in the presence and abundance of groundfishes, including Pacific cod (<i>Gadus macrocephalus</i>) and walleye pollock (<i>Gadus chalcogrammus</i>), with the possibility of Pacific halibut (<i>Hippoglossus stenolepis</i>) arriving in coming years. To assess this potential, thermal conditions occupied by Pacific halibut in the adjacent northern Bering Sea were compared to modeled bottom-water temperatures in the Chukchi Sea to determine if suitable thermal habitat is available in the region. Pacific halibut in the Bering Sea primarily occupied waters from 6.0 to 8.2&#xa0;°C, but were regularly found in conditions from 3.8 to 9.8&#xa0;°C during the summer and temperatures around 0.9&#xa0;°C during the winter. The availability of these conditions in the Chukchi Sea was relatively limited during a recent cold year, constrained to eastern coastal waters near Alaska with maximal availability during August and September. In contrast, suitable thermal conditions were 2.5 to 7.8 times more prevalent during a warm year, comprising a large portion of the Chukchi Sea from July to October. Findings suggest that suitable thermal conditions are currently available for Pacific halibut in the Chukchi Sea, indicating the potential for range expansion into the region. However, the current absence of the species suggests that alternative factors are currently discouraging this movement, such as prey availability or substrate type.</p>

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Evaluating thermal suitability of the southern Arctic Ocean for Pacific halibut

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月13日

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  • Austin J. Flanigan,
  • Rémi Pagès,
  • Andrew C. Seitz

摘要

Warming ocean conditions have resulted in rapid borealization of Arctic seas, with fish assemblages reorganizing as sub-Arctic fish species expand into new territories, such as in the Chukchi Sea in the Pacific Arctic. During the summer months, this region has seen increases in the presence and abundance of groundfishes, including Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), with the possibility of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) arriving in coming years. To assess this potential, thermal conditions occupied by Pacific halibut in the adjacent northern Bering Sea were compared to modeled bottom-water temperatures in the Chukchi Sea to determine if suitable thermal habitat is available in the region. Pacific halibut in the Bering Sea primarily occupied waters from 6.0 to 8.2 °C, but were regularly found in conditions from 3.8 to 9.8 °C during the summer and temperatures around 0.9 °C during the winter. The availability of these conditions in the Chukchi Sea was relatively limited during a recent cold year, constrained to eastern coastal waters near Alaska with maximal availability during August and September. In contrast, suitable thermal conditions were 2.5 to 7.8 times more prevalent during a warm year, comprising a large portion of the Chukchi Sea from July to October. Findings suggest that suitable thermal conditions are currently available for Pacific halibut in the Chukchi Sea, indicating the potential for range expansion into the region. However, the current absence of the species suggests that alternative factors are currently discouraging this movement, such as prey availability or substrate type.